diff --git a/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/ifsg_api.cpp b/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/ifsg_api.cpp
index 7e620892ad..bd5b6125b7 100644
--- a/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/ifsg_api.cpp
+++ b/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/ifsg_api.cpp
@@ -459,3 +459,30 @@ SGVECTOR S3D::CalcTriNorm( const SGPOINT& p1, const SGPOINT& p2, const SGPOINT&
 
     return SGVECTOR( tri.x, tri.y, tri.z );
 }
+
+
+S3D::SGTYPES S3D::GetSGNodeType( SGNODE* aNode )
+{
+    if( NULL == aNode )
+        return SGTYPE_END;
+
+    return aNode->GetNodeType();
+}
+
+
+SGNODE* S3D::GetSGNodeParent( SGNODE* aNode )
+{
+    if( NULL == aNode )
+        return NULL;
+
+    return aNode->GetParent();
+}
+
+
+bool S3D::AddSGNodeRef( SGNODE* aParent, SGNODE* aChild )
+{
+    if( NULL == aParent || NULL == aChild )
+        return false;
+
+    return aParent->AddRefNode( aChild );
+}
diff --git a/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/sg_faceset.cpp b/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/sg_faceset.cpp
index e7c391828b..fdb533db7f 100644
--- a/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/sg_faceset.cpp
+++ b/3d-viewer/3d_cache/sg/sg_faceset.cpp
@@ -953,7 +953,8 @@ bool SGFACESET::validate( void )
     {
 #ifdef DEBUG
         std::cerr << __FILE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << __LINE__ << "\n";
-        std::cerr << " * [INFO] bad model; number of normals does not match number of vertices\n";
+        std::cerr << " * [INFO] bad model; number of normals (" << nNorms;
+        std::cerr << ") does not match number of vertices (" << nCoords << ")\n";
 #endif
         validated = true;
         valid = false;
diff --git a/include/plugins/3dapi/ifsg_api.h b/include/plugins/3dapi/ifsg_api.h
index f06bac3192..23aa3d9004 100644
--- a/include/plugins/3dapi/ifsg_api.h
+++ b/include/plugins/3dapi/ifsg_api.h
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ struct S3D_POINT;
 
 namespace S3D
 {
+    // functions to extract information from SGNODE pointers
+    SGLIB_API S3D::SGTYPES GetSGNodeType( SGNODE* aNode );
+    SGLIB_API SGNODE* GetSGNodeParent( SGNODE* aNode );
+    SGLIB_API bool AddSGNodeRef( SGNODE* aParent, SGNODE* aChild );
+
     /**
      * Function CalcTriNorm
      * returns the normal vector of a triangle described by vertices p1, p2, p3
diff --git a/plugins/3d/idf/s3d_plugin_idf.cpp b/plugins/3d/idf/s3d_plugin_idf.cpp
index ecb6a633de..157fbac95f 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/idf/s3d_plugin_idf.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/idf/s3d_plugin_idf.cpp
@@ -299,7 +299,8 @@ SCENEGRAPH* Load( char const* aFileName )
     if( data )
     {
         wxFileName fn( aFileName );
-        wxString output = fn.GetName();
+        wxString output = wxT( "z" );
+        output.append( fn.GetName() );
         output.append( wxT(".wrl") );
         S3D::WriteVRML( output, true, (SGNODE*)(data), true, true );
     }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.cpp
index 17aa2f13af..426494da19 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "vrml2_base.h"
 #include "vrml2_appearance.h"
+#include "plugins/3dapi/ifsg_all.h"
 
 
 WRL2APPEARANCE::WRL2APPEARANCE() : WRL2NODE()
@@ -348,8 +349,51 @@ bool WRL2APPEARANCE::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2APPEARANCE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2APPEARANCE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
-    return NULL;
+    if( NULL == material && NULL == texture )
+        return NULL;
+
+    S3D::SGTYPES ptype = S3D::GetSGNodeType( aParent );
+
+    if( NULL != aParent && ptype != S3D::SGTYPE_SHAPE )
+    {
+        #ifdef DEBUG
+        std::cerr << __FILE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << __LINE__ << "\n";
+        std::cerr << " * [BUG] Appearance does not have a Shape parent (parent ID: ";
+        std::cerr << ptype << ")\n";
+        #endif
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( m_sgNode )
+    {
+        if( NULL != aParent && aParent != S3D::GetSGNodeParent( m_sgNode )
+            && !S3D::AddSGNodeRef( aParent, m_sgNode ) )
+        {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return m_sgNode;
+    }
+
+    if( NULL != texture )
+    {
+        // use a default gray appearance
+        IFSG_APPEARANCE matNode( aParent );
+        matNode.SetEmissive( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
+        matNode.SetSpecular( 0.65, 0.65, 0.65 );
+        matNode.SetDiffuse( 0.65, 0.65, 0.65 );
+        matNode.SetAmbient( 0.99 );
+        matNode.SetShininess( 0.2 );
+        matNode.SetTransparency( 0.0 );
+        m_sgNode = matNode.GetRawPtr();
+
+        return m_sgNode;
+    }
+
+    m_sgNode = material->TranslateToSG( aParent, calcNormals );
+
+    return m_sgNode;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.h
index 6c49f2c0b1..6d904a710f 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_appearance.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_APPEARANCE_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.cpp
index 5819eedc02..eb9e7e1fde 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.cpp
@@ -765,13 +765,13 @@ bool WRL2BASE::readColor( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2NODE* aParent, WRL2NODE** aNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2BASE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2BASE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
     if( m_Children.empty() )
         return NULL;
 
-    if( m_topNode )
-        return m_topNode;
+    if( m_sgNode )
+        return m_sgNode;
 
     IFSG_TRANSFORM topNode( aParent );
 
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ SGNODE* WRL2BASE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
             do
             {
                 IFSG_TRANSFORM wrapper( topNode.GetRawPtr() );
-                SGNODE* pshape = (*sC)->TranslateToSG( wrapper.GetRawPtr() );
+                SGNODE* pshape = (*sC)->TranslateToSG( wrapper.GetRawPtr(), calcNormals );
 
                 if( NULL != pshape )
                     test = true;
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ SGNODE* WRL2BASE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
 
         case WRL2_TRANSFORM:
 
-            if( NULL != (*sC)->TranslateToSG( topNode.GetRawPtr() ) )
+            if( NULL != (*sC)->TranslateToSG( topNode.GetRawPtr(), calcNormals ) )
                 test = true;
 
             break;
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ SGNODE* WRL2BASE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    m_topNode = topNode.GetRawPtr();
+    m_sgNode = topNode.GetRawPtr();
 
-    return m_topNode;
+    return m_sgNode;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.h
index 9cf9e65fe8..94982d10d7 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_base.h
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public:
     // functions inherited from WRL2NODE
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool SetParent( WRL2NODE* aParent );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_BASE_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.cpp
index 2595e333f5..d27abe51c2 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ bool WRL2COLOR::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2COLOR::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2COLOR::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
     // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
     return NULL;
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.h
index b4554938d0..6cb324db23 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_color.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_COLOR_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.cpp
index b41a1d84b3..923a4b80c8 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.cpp
@@ -189,8 +189,23 @@ bool WRL2COORDS::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2COORDS::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+void WRL2COORDS::GetCoords( WRLVEC3F*& aCoordList, size_t& aListSize )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
+    if( points.size() < 3 )
+    {
+        aCoordList = NULL;
+        aListSize = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    aCoordList = &points[0];
+    aListSize = points.size();
+    return;
+}
+
+
+SGNODE* WRL2COORDS::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
+{
+    // any data manipulation must be performed by the parent node
     return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.h
index 0f6d3aaa3b..ba6f1bdecd 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_coords.h
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
+
+    void GetCoords( WRLVEC3F*& aCoordList, size_t& aListSize );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_COORDS_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.cpp
index ef3fa8e479..eeaab8a160 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
 
 #include "vrml2_base.h"
 #include "vrml2_faceset.h"
-
+#include "vrml2_coords.h"
+#include "plugins/3dapi/ifsg_all.h"
 
 
 WRL2FACESET::WRL2FACESET() : WRL2NODE()
@@ -560,8 +561,197 @@ bool WRL2FACESET::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2FACESET::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2FACESET::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
-    return NULL;
+    S3D::SGTYPES ptype = S3D::GetSGNodeType( aParent );
+
+    if( NULL != aParent && ptype != S3D::SGTYPE_SHAPE )
+    {
+        #ifdef DEBUG
+        std::cerr << __FILE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << __LINE__ << "\n";
+        std::cerr << " * [BUG] IndexedFaceSet does not have a Shape parent (parent ID: ";
+        std::cerr << ptype << ")\n";
+        #endif
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( m_sgNode )
+    {
+        if( NULL != aParent && aParent != S3D::GetSGNodeParent( m_sgNode )
+            && !S3D::AddSGNodeRef( aParent, m_sgNode ) )
+        {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return m_sgNode;
+    }
+
+    size_t vsize = coordIndex.size();
+
+    if( NULL == coord || vsize < 3 )
+        return NULL;
+
+    // create the index list and make sure we have >3 points
+    size_t idx;
+    int i1 = coordIndex[0];
+    int i2 = coordIndex[1];
+    int i3 = coordIndex[2];
+
+    WRLVEC3F* pcoords;
+    size_t coordsize;
+    ((WRL2COORDS*) coord)->GetCoords( pcoords, coordsize );
+
+    if( coordsize < 3 )
+        return NULL;
+
+    // check that all indices are valid
+    for( idx = 0; idx < vsize; ++idx )
+    {
+        if( coordIndex[idx] < 0 )
+            continue;
+
+        if( coordIndex[idx] >= (int)coordsize )
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // if the indices are defective just give up
+    if( i1 < 0 || i2 < 0 || i3 < 0
+        || i1 == i2 || i1 == i3 || i2 == i3 )
+        return NULL;
+
+    std::vector< SGPOINT > lCPts;   // coordinate points for SG node
+    std::vector< int > lCIdx;       // coordinate index list for SG node (must be triads)
+    std::vector< SGVECTOR > lCNorm; // per-vertex normals
+    std::vector< int > faces;       // tracks the number of polygons for the entire set
+    int nfaces = 0;                 // number of triangles for each face in the list
+
+    // assuming convex polygons, create triangles for the SG node
+    for( idx = 3; idx < vsize; )
+    {
+        lCIdx.push_back( i1 );
+
+        if( ccw )
+        {
+            lCIdx.push_back( i2 );
+            lCIdx.push_back( i3 );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lCIdx.push_back( i3 );
+            lCIdx.push_back( i2 );
+        }
+
+        ++nfaces;
+        i2 = i3;
+        i3 = coordIndex[idx++];
+
+        while( ( i1 < 0 || i2 < 0 || i3 < 0 ) && ( idx < vsize ) )
+        {
+            if( i3 < 0 )
+            {
+                faces.push_back( nfaces );
+                nfaces = 0;
+            }
+
+            i1 = i2;
+            i2 = i3;
+            i3 = coordIndex[idx++];
+
+            // any invalid polygons shall void the entire faceset; this is a requirement
+            // to ensure correct handling of the normals
+            if( ( i1 < 0 && i2 < 0 ) || ( i1 < 0 && i3 < 0 ) || ( i2 < 0 && i3 < 0 ) )
+                return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if( lCIdx.empty() )
+        return NULL;
+
+    if( calcNormals || NULL == normal )
+    {
+        // create a vertex list for per-face per-vertex normals
+        std::vector< int >::iterator sI = lCIdx.begin();
+        std::vector< int >::iterator eI = lCIdx.end();
+
+        while( sI != eI )
+        {
+            lCPts.push_back( SGPOINT( pcoords[*sI].x, pcoords[*sI].y, pcoords[*sI].z ) );
+            ++sI;
+        }
+
+        for( size_t i = 0; i < lCPts.size(); i += 3 )
+        {
+            SGVECTOR sv = S3D::CalcTriNorm( lCPts[i], lCPts[i+1], lCPts[i+2] );
+            lCNorm.push_back( sv );
+            lCNorm.push_back( sv );
+            lCNorm.push_back( sv );
+        }
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
+        return NULL;
+        /*
+            // use the vertex list as is
+            if( normalPerVertex )
+            {
+                // normalPerVertex = TRUE
+                // rules:
+                //  + if normalIndex is not EMPTY, it is used to select a normal for each vertex
+                //  + if normalIndex is EMPTY, the normal list is used in order per vertex
+
+                if( normalIndex.empty() )
+                {
+                    for( size_t i = 0; i < coordsize; ++i )
+                    {
+                        lCPts.push_back( SGPOINT( pcoords[i].x, pcoords[i].y, pcoords[i].z ) );
+
+                        // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT: index the normals
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // normalPerVertex = FALSE
+                // rules:
+                //  + if normalIndex is not EMPTY, it is used to select a normal for each face
+                //  + if normalIndex is EMPTY, the normal list is used in order per face
+
+            }
+        //*/
+    }
+
+    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT: Per-vertex colors
+
+    IFSG_FACESET fsNode( aParent );
+    IFSG_COORDS cpNode( fsNode );
+    cpNode.SetCoordsList( lCPts.size(), &lCPts[0] );
+    IFSG_COORDINDEX ciNode( fsNode );
+
+    if( calcNormals || NULL == normal )
+    {
+        for( int i = 0; i < (int)lCPts.size(); ++i )
+            ciNode.AddIndex( i );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ciNode.SetIndices( lCIdx.size(), &lCIdx[0] );
+    }
+
+    IFSG_NORMALS nmNode( fsNode );
+    nmNode.SetNormalList( lCNorm.size(), &lCNorm[0] );
+
+    std::cerr << "XXX: [face] NPts : " << lCPts.size() << "\n";
+    std::cerr << "XXX: [face] NNorm: " << lCNorm.size() << "\n";
+    std::cerr << "XXX: [face] NIdx : " << lCIdx.size() << "\n";
+
+    m_sgNode = fsNode.GetRawPtr();
+
+    return m_sgNode;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.h
index d020e47843..f55ebb5848 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_faceset.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_FACESET_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.cpp
index c48aa3d14c..be91cc5001 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "vrml2_base.h"
 #include "vrml2_material.h"
+#include "plugins/3dapi/ifsg_all.h"
 
 
 WRL2MATERIAL::WRL2MATERIAL() : WRL2NODE()
@@ -287,8 +288,40 @@ bool WRL2MATERIAL::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2MATERIAL::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2MATERIAL::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
-    return NULL;
+    S3D::SGTYPES ptype = S3D::GetSGNodeType( aParent );
+
+    if( NULL != aParent && ptype != S3D::SGTYPE_SHAPE )
+    {
+        #ifdef DEBUG
+        std::cerr << __FILE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << __LINE__ << "\n";
+        std::cerr << " * [BUG] Material does not have a Shape parent (parent ID: ";
+        std::cerr << ptype << ")\n";
+        #endif
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( m_sgNode )
+    {
+        if( NULL != aParent && aParent != S3D::GetSGNodeParent( m_sgNode )
+            && !S3D::AddSGNodeRef( aParent, m_sgNode ) )
+        {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return m_sgNode;
+    }
+
+    IFSG_APPEARANCE matNode( aParent );
+    matNode.SetEmissive( emissiveColor.x, emissiveColor.y, emissiveColor.z );
+    matNode.SetSpecular( specularColor.x, specularColor.y, specularColor.z );
+    matNode.SetDiffuse( diffuseColor.x, diffuseColor.y, diffuseColor.z );
+    matNode.SetAmbient( ambientIntensity );
+    matNode.SetShininess( shininess );
+    matNode.SetTransparency( transparency );
+    m_sgNode = matNode.GetRawPtr();
+
+    return m_sgNode;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.h
index c3daa1f953..1d84d0b0b1 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_material.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_MATERIAL_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.cpp
index 8cef1b4e0c..14ce5185a0 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static NODEMAP nodenames;
 
 WRL2NODE::WRL2NODE()
 {
-    m_topNode = NULL;
+    m_sgNode = NULL;
     m_Parent = NULL;
     m_Type = WRL2_END;
 
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.h
index a39e856b4e..ec993e1893 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_node.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ protected:
     std::list< WRL2NODE* > m_Refs;          // nodes referenced by this node
     std::string m_error;
 
-    SGNODE* m_topNode;  // the SGNODE representation of the display data
+    SGNODE* m_sgNode;  // the SGNODE representation of the display data
 
 public:
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public:
      * @param aParent is a pointer to the parent SG node
      * @return is non-NULL on success
      */
-    virtual SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent ) = 0;
+    virtual SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals ) = 0;
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_NODE_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.cpp
index 8845d75749..04c2c5f272 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.cpp
@@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ bool WRL2NORMS::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2NORMS::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2NORMS::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
+    // any data manipulation must be performed by the parent node
     return NULL;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.h
index 7eb5a5ff34..929f2ee48a 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_norms.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_NORMS_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.cpp
index ec32310f9d..ac697f353c 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "vrml2_base.h"
 #include "vrml2_shape.h"
+#include "plugins/3dapi/ifsg_all.h"
 
 
 WRL2SHAPE::WRL2SHAPE() : WRL2NODE()
@@ -311,8 +312,62 @@ bool WRL2SHAPE::Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2SHAPE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2SHAPE::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
-    return NULL;
+    if( NULL == appearance && NULL == geometry )
+        return NULL;
+
+    S3D::SGTYPES ptype = S3D::GetSGNodeType( aParent );
+
+    if( NULL != aParent && ptype != S3D::SGTYPE_TRANSFORM )
+    {
+        #ifdef DEBUG
+        std::cerr << __FILE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << __LINE__ << "\n";
+        std::cerr << " * [BUG] Shape does not have a Transform parent (parent ID: ";
+        std::cerr << ptype << ")\n";
+        #endif
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( m_sgNode )
+    {
+        if( NULL != aParent && aParent != S3D::GetSGNodeParent( m_sgNode )
+            && !S3D::AddSGNodeRef( aParent, m_sgNode ) )
+        {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return m_sgNode;
+    }
+
+    IFSG_SHAPE shNode( aParent );
+
+    SGNODE* pShape = shNode.GetRawPtr();
+    SGNODE* pApp = appearance->TranslateToSG( pShape, calcNormals );
+    SGNODE* pGeom = geometry->TranslateToSG( pShape, calcNormals );
+
+    if( NULL == pApp || NULL == pGeom )
+    {
+        if( pGeom )
+        {
+            IFSG_FACESET tmp( false );
+            tmp.Attach( pGeom );
+            tmp.Destroy();
+        }
+
+        if( pApp )
+        {
+            IFSG_APPEARANCE tmp( false );
+            tmp.Attach( pApp );
+            tmp.Destroy();
+        }
+
+        shNode.Destroy();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    m_sgNode = shNode.GetRawPtr();
+
+    return m_sgNode;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.h
index 18406411a9..41f51bcdd4 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_shape.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
     bool AddChildNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_SHAPE_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.cpp
index 20b073263b..60270b994b 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "vrml2_base.h"
 #include "vrml2_transform.h"
+#include "plugins/3dapi/ifsg_all.h"
 
 
 WRL2TRANSFORM::WRL2TRANSFORM() : WRL2NODE()
@@ -335,8 +336,79 @@ bool WRL2TRANSFORM::readChildren( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode )
 }
 
 
-SGNODE* WRL2TRANSFORM::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent )
+SGNODE* WRL2TRANSFORM::TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals )
 {
-    // XXX - TO IMPLEMENT
-    return NULL;
+    if( m_Children.empty() && m_Refs.empty() )
+        return NULL;
+
+    S3D::SGTYPES ptype = S3D::GetSGNodeType( aParent );
+
+    if( NULL != aParent && ptype != S3D::SGTYPE_TRANSFORM )
+    {
+        #ifdef DEBUG
+        std::cerr << __FILE__ << ": " << __FUNCTION__ << ": " << __LINE__ << "\n";
+        std::cerr << " * [BUG] Transform does not have a Transform parent (parent ID: ";
+        std::cerr << ptype << ")\n";
+        #endif
+
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( m_sgNode )
+    {
+        if( NULL != aParent && aParent != S3D::GetSGNodeParent( m_sgNode )
+            && !S3D::AddSGNodeRef( aParent, m_sgNode ) )
+        {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return m_sgNode;
+    }
+
+    IFSG_TRANSFORM txNode( aParent );
+
+    std::list< WRL2NODE* >::iterator sC = m_Children.begin();
+    std::list< WRL2NODE* >::iterator eC = m_Children.end();
+    WRL2NODES type;
+
+    // Include only Shape and Transform nodes in a Transform node
+    bool test = false;  // set to true if there are any subnodes for display
+
+    while( sC != eC )
+    {
+        type = (*sC)->GetNodeType();
+
+        switch( type )
+        {
+        case WRL2_SHAPE:
+        case WRL2_TRANSFORM:
+
+            if( NULL != (*sC)->TranslateToSG( txNode.GetRawPtr(), calcNormals ) )
+                test = true;
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        ++ sC;
+    }
+
+    if( false == test )
+    {
+        txNode.Destroy();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    txNode.SetScale( SGPOINT( scale.x, scale.y, scale.z ) );
+    txNode.SetCenter( SGPOINT( center.x, center.y, center.z ) );
+    txNode.SetTranslation( SGPOINT( translation.x, translation.y, translation.z ) );
+    txNode.SetScaleOrientation( SGVECTOR( scaleOrientation.x, scaleOrientation.y,
+        scaleOrientation.z ), scaleOrientation.w );
+    txNode.SetRotation( SGVECTOR( rotation.x, rotation.y, rotation.z), rotation.w );
+
+    m_sgNode = txNode.GetRawPtr();
+
+    return m_sgNode;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.h b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.h
index 857064eafc..ade1fd94f1 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.h
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/v2/vrml2_transform.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     // functions inherited from WRL2NODE
     bool Read( WRLPROC& proc, WRL2BASE* aTopNode );
     bool AddRefNode( WRL2NODE* aNode );
-    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent );
+    SGNODE* TranslateToSG( SGNODE* aParent, bool calcNormals );
 };
 
 #endif  // VRML2_TRANSFORM_H
diff --git a/plugins/3d/vrml/vrml.cpp b/plugins/3d/vrml/vrml.cpp
index 246e6ef467..477288a1ef 100644
--- a/plugins/3d/vrml/vrml.cpp
+++ b/plugins/3d/vrml/vrml.cpp
@@ -209,11 +209,24 @@ SCENEGRAPH* Load( char const* aFileName )
             std::cout << " * [INFO] load completed\n";
             #endif
 
-            scene = (SCENEGRAPH*)bp->TranslateToSG( NULL );
+            // XXX - for now we recalculate all normals per-vertex per-facet
+            scene = (SCENEGRAPH*)bp->TranslateToSG( NULL, true );
         }
 
         delete bp;
     }
 
+    // DEBUG: WRITE OUT VRML2 FILE TO CONFIRM STRUCTURE
+    #ifdef DEBUG
+    if( scene )
+    {
+        wxFileName fn( wxString::FromUTF8Unchecked( aFileName ) );
+        wxString output = wxT( "_" );
+        output.append( fn.GetName() );
+        output.append( wxT(".wrl") );
+        S3D::WriteVRML( output, true, (SGNODE*)(scene), true, true );
+    }
+    #endif
+
     return scene;
 }