Add missing calls to Show( false ) to some main frames (Kicad, eeschema, gerbview), to force config saving when closing these windows.
Code cleanup and minor coding style fixes in footprint_wizard_frame
Pcbnew:, libedit, Save lib as...: the new .pretty lib format is the default, instead of legacy .mod format. The legacy format is still selectable in the file selection dialog.
To use multiple working threads. This entailed adding KiCad typedefs:
*) Add typedefs for MUTEX and MUTLOCK which mask the actual choices for the project.
*) Add FOOTPRINT_LIST::DisplayErrors( wxWindow* ) which is a single strategy for
showing aggregated load errors. Although what's there is only scaffolding
and needs a volunteer who knows HTML pretty well.
*) Ensure all callers of ReadFootprintFiles() use the new DisplayErrors() function.
*) Push utf8.cpp and utf8.h into common library for open use.
Added REASON enum for Reset() function, so tools will know why a reset occured.
Fixed SELECTION_TOOL (it was bailing out, when a new board was loaded and some items were still selected).
Added removal of VIEW_ITEM groups after changing layers and removing items.
* Make the tool bar dockable.
* Enable the overflow control in the tool bar in case the it does not fit in
it's parent window.
* Fix some wxAuiPaneInfo usage issues.
* Remove unused wxAuiPaneInfo objects.
* Move perspective saving and loading into EDA_BASE_FRAME object in preparation
for extending this to all frame windows.
Moved scaling of font glyphs to the moment when they are created (eliminated a few multiplications unnecessary variables).
Changed some magic numbers into constants.
* Replace illegal file system characters when reading legacy libraries to
prevent FPID parsing errors and allow saving to PRETTY file format.
* Create validator to filter illegal file system characters from footprint
name text edit controls to prevent issues when saving to PRETTY file format.
* Add missing source file licenses and some minor coding policy fixes.
Now footprints, after loaded by reading a netlist are grouped by sheets by the footprints spread function, and the grouping is better.
Rename 2 files. Fix minor issues. Clean code
comment for GITHUB_PLUGIN which should flow into Doxygen output.
*) Rewrote:
PCB_BASE_FRAME::Save_Module_In_Library(): now uses fp-lib-table and PROPERTIES.
PCB_EDIT_FRAME::ArchiveModulesOnBoard(): now can archive to any writable library type.
PCB_BASE_FRAME::SelectLibrary(): is now generic for selecting a library, not just the active library.
Pcbnew: Code cleaning and bug fix in autoplace functions
Dialog exchange footprints has now a separate button to update the .cmp file, only on request.
FIX: unique renaming of eagle footprints by substituting illegal : and / with URL encoding technique.
ADD: window resize border to DisplayError() windows.
columns. DIALOG_SHIM would resize each separate usage to the same
size. DIALOG_SHIM now supports and alternate m_hash_key in lieu
of the class name, optionally.
* Add build type (debug/release) for wxWidgets library versions greater
than 2.8.
* Add build type (debug/release) for KiCad.
* Add missing build options.
Eagle plugin: filter and replace not allowed chars in FPID(-':' and '/') by _ or -, if they are used in Eagle footprint names (otherwise, boards converted and saved under kicad_pcb format are not readable by Pcbnew).
pass into an HTML rendering panel and otherwise look goofey.
*) Implement BOARD::Move() can call it from EAGLE_PLUGIN::Load().
*) When USE_FP_LIB_TABLE, tolerate blank nicknames in FPIDs coming from eeschema.
See the switch for this in pcbnew/netlist.cpp as ALLOW_PARTIAL_FPID.
*) Add an assert and a try catch block to figure out that View does not
like some eagle pcb board. bitset::set() is getting a -1 value and firing
an exception.
* Fix replace bug to handle case sensitivity properly.
* Fix replace bug where the item index was getting updated incorrectly.
* Fix replace infinite loop bug on replace all.
* Make find/replace view update code a separate function.
* Rearrange find/replace trace string to add tracing to EDA_ITEM::Replace().
* Add IsComplexHierarchy method to SCH_SHEET_LIST for future find/replace
improvements.
Fix issues created by this patch.
Note, this fix slightly changes the vertical position of these texts.
This is not really a problem in eeschema, but in pcbnew this is perhaps more annoying, if the verical multiline text is critical.
Fix a very minor issue for vertical justification of single line texts in dxf import.
Page layout editor: Add bitmap items to the page layout existing items.
Now a bitmap image can be added to a page layout description. Currently the bitmap is expected having a 300 ppi definition.
Note: not all plotters can plot a bitmap, and in this case the bounding box is plotted instead of the bitmap
* Create a generic yes/no/cancel dialog from DIALOG_EXIT.
* Make DIALOG_EXIT return wxID_YES instead of wxID_OK so it is consistent
with the standard message dialogs.
* Add missing license to confirm.h and confirm.cpp.
* Change Eeschema message dialog when loading a schematic if the current
schematic is modified to be more consistent with the exit dialog.
* Change Pcbnew message dialog when loading a board if the current board
is modified to be more consistent with the exit dialog.
* Remove some Eeschema block debug logging code left over from my last
commit.
*) Set environment variable KISYSMOD before loading FP_LIB_TABLE so that
FP_LIB_TABLE::ROW::SetFullURI() can do substitution up front.
*) De-emphasize the lib path in some of the footprint frames but keep it
so the footprint editor can export a current library to another.
You can even export a GITHUB library to a pretty library for local
installation.
*) Start the PLUGIN options editor.
*) Enhance cursor positioning in DIALOG_FP_LIB_TABLE.
* Add save table and set project path environment variable code to
FP_LIB_TABLE object.
* Add code to Pcbnew and CvPcb to set project path environment variable.
* Create empty footprint table in Pcbnew when new board created.
* Save current project specific footprint library table to path on file save
as or empty project path.
* Fix a bug in Pcbnew in file save function that would silently overwrite
an existing board file.
* Disable selecting the current library in the module editor when there are
no libraries defined.
* Catch exceptions and report errors when writing footprint library tables.
* Fix Boost build CMakeFile to fix bug when bootstrapping a Boost build in
MSys.
Remove KICAD_GOST option because it is now useless: the 2 GOST options are now selectable at run time and are:
* specific page layouts (now user definable, and the GOST page layouts are available in template folder)
* notation for multiple parts per package (made in eeschema, preference menu)
We can now remove a few calls to FP_LIB_TABLE::ExpandSubstitutions( const wxString& aString )
since its being done in above function.
DIALOG_FP_LIB_TABLE now handles table to copy cut copy paste from global to
project and reverse. Fixed a problem with cursor position management when
switching between tables.
Paste popup menu in this dialog now allows pasting a (fp_lib_table)
s-expression element holding (lib) elements. This provides an
opportunity for GITHUB library publishers to put the table description
into their README.md file as a (fp_lib_table) element where it can
be quickly copied to clipboard and pasted into the fp lib table dialog.
This is a paste operation, and overwrites from the initial cursor position.
TOOL_ACTIONs can be run from CONTEXT_MENU after adding them.
Move tool actions are available to be run from CONTEXT_MENU displayed after right mouse button click on selected items.
Added some asserts to check the code.
Write parser and formatter for options. Write dialog verification used before saving
FP_LIB_TABLEs, triggered from OK button in table editor.
Switch PROPERTY's value column to std::string from wxString.
Add event handler to fp lib table dialog for upcoming options dialog.
* When loading footprint do not retest every footprint in cache. Only test
the footprint being loaded. Fixes long load times on libraries with a lot
of parts.
* Fix footprint name bug where file extension was added to the end of the
footprint name.
* Fix bug in path equivalence test due to Posix path separators in footprint
library table. Convert paths to native separator before comparison.
* Fix a bug in FOOTPRINT_VIEWER_FRAME::OnActivate() which cause the footprint
list to always get reloaded when using footprint library tables.
* Remove some unnecessary debugging messages.
* Add a few Doxygen comments to FP_CACHE in kicad_plugin.cpp.
* Make footprint viewer work properly with library table.
* Fix bug in Eagle plugin when enumerating footprints.
* Add missing P-CAD plugin from footprint library table editing dialog.
* Fix bug in FOOTPRINT_INFO::LoadLibraries when error occur loading footprints
from libraries.
1. block created from-left-to-right selects only 100%inside selection objects (as it now does)
2.block created from-right-to-left selects all overlapping objects inside selection
From the patch sent by mathieulj (mathieulj), and some fixes and code cleaning.
* Add code to CvPcb to handle assigning component footprints from the
footprint library table instead of the search path method.
* Add code to CvPcb to allow editing of the footprint library table.
* CvPcb footprint and component panes display fully qualified FPID names.
* Make CvPcb library pane display footprint library table nicknames instead
of library file names.
* Add code to FP_LIB_TABLE object to test the paths in the table against the
list of libraries loaded from the project file.
* Add code to FP_LIB_TABLE to convert assigned footprints in a NETLIST from
legacy format to footprint library table format.
* Split out COMPONENT_NET, COMPONENT, and NETLIST objects from netlist_reader
files and create new pcb_netlist files.
* Fix minor wxListView scroll bar sizing issues.
* Add new token and code to save and load FPID nickname in board file.
* Add new token and code to save and load FPID nickname in s-expression net
list file.
* Add WX_STRING_REPORT object to dump strings to a wxString object.
Redraws can be requested way too often than it is required. This commit adds redraw timeout:
- if the view became dirty and there has been no redraw for longer than certain time, it is redrawed immediately
- otherwise, we wait for the next frame
This in general improves smoothness of rendering.
* Use FPID instead of wxString in MODULE object.
* Use FPID instead of wxString when loading and saving files.
* Use FPID in COMPONENT object.
* Add wxString helper functions and comparison operators to FPID.
* Add fp_lib token to pcb and netlist file formats.
* Add code to load and save FPIDs to pcb file format.
* Fix segfault when deleting invalid footprint library tables in Pcbnew
in non footprint library table build.
* Fix bug when counting the number of mod files in
EDA_APP::SetFootprintLibTablePath();
* Remove defined CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX for Windows from main CMakeList.txt.
* Move footprint library path detection code from pcbnew.cpp to EDA_APP
object.
* Add CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX to config.h.cmake.
* Simplify and fix search path list code.
* Add CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX to the list of search paths in case KiCad was
installed using `make install`.
* Add default global footprint library table to CMake install.
* Add method to set footprint library table to PCB_BASE_FRAME object.
* Remove unused function EDA_APP::GetLibraryFile().
* Minor FP_LIB_TABLE object improvements.
Netlist dialog: add option to report only most important messages. Useful for large boards.
class REPORTER: add features to allow a basic message filtering (flags to report all/warning/error messages)
Fix Bug #1214599 ( tools are deselected on Move command )
Pcbnew: footprint wizard dialogs: minor fixes, and fixes a not working parameters dialog under Windows, due to an incorrect Printf format.
remove scripts/packagesrc.sh, fully outdated (still refers svn repo) and not commented.
was simply a pointer to an object on the display list. At times this object
would disappear from the display list, in the test case because of a concatonation
of two wires, and if you then tried to clone the non-existent object you'd get a
crash. This was not merely a bug, but a naive design choice. IMO.
Now the item to repeat is cloned, so will never also be on the display list.
must be defined if that is the build type wanted. This only affects a text string
anyways, is not particularly important other than telling user from which code
branch the source came.
2) Change name of "testing" to "product" in that same description within
common/build_version.cpp. "testing" made it sound frightenly unusable.
*) add hotkey for setting the grid origin as 'S', in board editor, module editor.
*) re-position the function interface for cursor movement from BASE_SCREEN into
class EDA_DRAW_FRAME. This is a prelude to getting rid of BASE_SCREEN or
splitting it up.
Added separate layers for pad netnames (now these are divided into multilayer/top/bottom pads).
More appropriate layers are selecting a copper layer in the high contrast mode (now it shows the copper layer itself, vias & multilayer pads and netnames).
This keeps it out of the KiCad mode path, making that leaner and less confusing about
what is supported in KiCad mode. Within KiCad mode, treat quoted vs. non-quoted tokens
as the two general categories, with non-quoted having sub-categories. Eliminate
an unimplemented, unused function declaration in DSNLEXER.
Improve the output formatting of THROW_PARSE_ERROR().
* Do not fail to build when wxWidgets is built with either --with-gnomeprint
or --with-gtkprint are not configured. Only display warning.
* Move warning code from include/common.h to common/common.cpp so it only
shows the warning once instead of every source file that includes common.h
This is limited to round tripping the lines of commented text in the
loading and saving to disk through PCBIO::Format() and PCBIO::Parse().
No editing of the comments is given.
- VBO_CONTAINER::allocate() was returning wrong value in case of error
- framelimiter had wrong formula for computing destined period between frames
- removed _padding field from VBO_VERTEX, as it was not speeding up, but wasting memory
Removed a few unnecessary variables and fields from OPENGL_GAL.
Added function GAL::ClearCache() for freeing memory used by cached items.
Fixed a few memory leaks (tesselator, PAINTER's settings & VIEW_ITEM's groups).
Changed a few functions into inlines.
Eeschema, dialog netlist: fix a bug when removing a plugin panel, when is is not the last.
dialog netlist:Add a predefined command string for python scripts, when creating a new netlist plugin entry.
Shader's parameters are stored in VBO_ITEM. Changed VBO_ITEM data structure. Added UseShader() function for selecting shader for a given VBO_ITEM.
Added one main vertex & fragment shader program to be used for with all kinds of items (type of shader is selected using attributes that are stored in VBO). Currently available shaders are: at-least-1px-width line, filled circle and stroked circle.
Removed unnecessary param (aDepthOffset) from a few functions (OPENGL_GAL::drawSemiCircle(), OPENGL_GAL::drawLineCap()). Removed function OPENGL_GAL::DrawRoundedSegment(). Changed some asserts to debug info or error log.
fix potential issue in .kicad_pcb file creation, in some places where a %g or %.16g format was used:
al least under Mingw/gcc4.7.2, the floating number was written using scientific notation, not accepted by the S-expr reader.
* Add footprint library table loading to footprint editor.
* Overload FOOTPRINT_INFO::ReadFootprintFiles() to read footprints from the
footprint library tables.
* Fix a bug in FP_LIB_TABLE::IsEmpty() when the table has a fallback table.
* Add code to FOOTPRINT_EDIT_FRAME to use footprint library tables.
* Add an optional build time version of PCB_EDIT_FRAME::loadFootprints() to
populate netlist footprints from footprint library table.
* Remove adding footprints to board whenever GetModuleLibrary() is called and
move loading locally as required.
* Add missing source file license comments and coding policy fixes.
because under Linux and wxWidgets 2.9, wxStaticBoxSizer are very ugly (text not readable in this dialog)
(Does not happen with wxWidgets 2.8)
Eeschema hotkeys: remove duplicate keys in key editor.
File "rules" has instructional text as comments near top.
2) Convert all text files in repo to LF line ending form.
Any checkout done with "rules" in play will convert the working
tree to native line ending, while keeping repo as LF line ending.
* Add code for loading, modifying, and saving the global and project
footprint library tables.
* Add code to load MODULE objects using the footprint library table to
the footprint viewer.
* Add static methods to FP_LIB_TABLE to support loading footprint library
tables.
* Fix a bug when full file name and path are passed to FOOTPRINT_INFO::
ReadFootprintFiles() which I created in bug fix lp:593989.
* Fix a wxString debug assertion in EDA_APP::InitEDA_Appl() when the KICAD
environment variable is defined as an empty string.
* Add error dialog when libraries cannot be found in system search path
when loading footprint using the select footprint dialog.
* Add footprint library name column to the EDA_LIST_DIALOG when selecting
footprints from the list.
* Allow reading all columns from the selected row in EDA_LIST_DIALOG.
* Remove redundant sort from EDA_LIST_DIALOG constructor
* Add library name member variable and accessors to FOOTPRINT_INFO.
* Make headers translatable for Eeschema select component from list dialog.
* Add some helper methods to FPID for identifying the FPID type and validity.
* Remove a bunch of trailing whitespace and add missing license comments.
(explanation: float is implicitly promoted to double anyway, it's only useful
for storage; also a fp variable forces conversion of other int in the expression
without needing a cast)
Typo fixes in some comments 'floatting' -> 'floating' :D
The plan goes like this:
- eeschema still uses int in decidegrees
- all the other things internally use double in decidegrees (or radians
in temporaries)
- in pcbnew UI the unit is *still* int in decidegrees
The idea is to have better precision everywhere while keeping the user with int i
angles. Hopefully, if a fractional angle doesn't come in from the outside, everything
should *look* like an integer angle (unless I forgot something and it broke)
When the time comes, simply updating the UI for allowing doubles from the user should
be enough to get arbitrary angles in pcbnew.
* All items shapes are converted to polygons.
* Polygons are merged layer by layer (for calculation time reasons,zones are not merged)
* for copper layers, vias and pads holes are substracted from polygons (but, for calculation time reasons, not inside zones areas).
* the look is better, mainly when displaying the copper thickness
* solder and paste layers are now shown in 3D viewer.
* the code was seriously cleaned (but still needs to be enhanced).
* Note this is a work in progress which needs refinements.
- Removed spurious int casts (these are truncated anyway and will break
doubles)
- Applied the Distance, GetLineLength, EuclideanNorm, DEG2RAD, RAD2DEG
ArcTangente and NORMALIZE* functions where possible
- ArcTangente now returns double and handles the 0,0 case like atan2, so
it's no longer necessary to check for it before calling
- Small functions in trigo moved as inline
In most case the assignment to null was not necessary since it was easily provable that the (local) variable wouldn't have referenced after that anyway.
* Tweak the NETLIST_READER code to allow for component footprint names that
are not found in any library to generate a warning instead of an error and
update the board accordingly.
* Don't display undo warning in netlist dialog when dry run option selected.
* Rename netlist_reader_common.cpp to netlist_reader.cpp
* Rename netlist_reader_firstformat.cpp to legacy_netlist_reader.cpp
* Rename netlist_reader_kicad.cpp to kicad_netlist_reader.cpp
* Remove cvpcb/read_write_cmpfile.cpp and move the single function it
contained into cvframe.cpp
* Remove cvpcb/loadcmp.cpp and move the single function it contained into
class_DisplayFootprintsFrame.cpp.
* Remove cvpcb/readschematicnetlist.cpp and move the single function it
contained into cvframe.cpp.
* Remove cvpcb/setvisu.cpp and move the few functions it contained into
the appropriate source file.
* Create separate NETLIST object to hold contents of netlist files.
* Read entire netlist and footprint link files before making applying
changes to board.
* Add BOARD::ReplaceNetlist() function to eliminate the calls between the
NETLIST_READER, PCB_EDIT_FRAME, and BOARD objects.
* Change placement of new components below the center of the current board
or in the center of the page if the BOARD is empty.
* Add dry run option to netlist dialog to print changes to message control
without making changes.
* Add button to netlist dialog to allow saving contents of message control
to a file.
* Eliminate the need to compile netlist_reader_*.cpp in both CvPcb and Pcbnew.
* Add netlist_reader_*.cpp to the pcbcommon library.
* Remove redundant load component link file code from CvPcb.
* Modify CvPcb new to work with the new NETLIST_READER object.
* Add compare() function and < and == operators to FPID object.
* Add REPORTER class to hide an underlying string writing implementation for
use in low level objects. Thank you Dick for the idea.
* Lots of minor coding policy, Doxygen comment, and missing license fixes.
Moved switching canvas routines to pcbnew, as they are used only there right now (otherwise libgal would have to be linked to every Kicad application).
Pcbnew: load footprint from modview: Because modview allows user to choose the footprint library, the selected library is forced when the footprint is loaded.
I am not sure this is 100% better, but this new behavior has some advantages, mainly in the footprint editor (you can load a footprint outside the selected library)
bit string version of property_tree. The ram resident structure of the ptree is
mostly compatible with one created using the xml_parser from
boost::property_tree, with slight differences in the way atoms are stored. The
result is you can use Format() to convert from xml to s-expression, but not the
other way around. You can write a simple s-expression beautifier in just a few
lines of code.
The main value however is the s-expression parser, i.e. Scan(), which is an
alternative to crafting a custom recursive descent parser for a particular
grammar. The tipping point depends on whether you want to read only a small
portion of a much larger document. If so, then using the ptree will likely be a
"faster to code" route. Documentation on how to navigate a ptree can be found on
the boost website and there are a number of examples in the
pcbnew/eagle_plugin.cpp file in this project. Powerful path navigation support
makes it easy to extract a subset of a ptree.
New methods in VIEW class: SetTopLayer(), EnableTopLayer() for managing the top layer display.
New method in PCB_RENDER_SETTINGS class: LoadDisplayOptions() for applying display settings like high-contrast, outline display of items, etc.
the spurious warning about stuff that couldn't be seen when changing
colours.
NOTE that the 'net name' layer is present and configurable but non used
anywhere!
Pcbnew, layer manager: add option (popup menu) to always keep copper layers not visible but the active layer, even when the active layer is changed.
Usefull for multilayer ( more than 4 layers) PCBs.
In particular the new mechanism for handling extended color palettes is in place,
included renaming the ini keys and saving the color name instead of its index; this means better forward compatibility with palette changes.
Since ini keys are changed, colors will be reset
New classes:
- VIEW - represents view that is seen by user, takes care of layer ordering & visibility and how it is displayed (which location, how much zoomed, etc.)
- VIEW_ITEM - Base class for every item that can be displayed on VIEW (the biggest change is that now it may be necessary to override ViewBBox & ViewGetLayers method for derived classes).
- EDA_DRAW_PANEL_GAL - Inherits after EDA_DRAW_PANEL, displays VIEW output, right now it is not editable (in opposite to usual EDA_DRAW_PANEL).
- GAL/OPENGL_GAL/CAIRO_GAL - Base Graphics Abstraction Layer class + two different flavours (Cairo is not fully supported yet), that offers methods to draw primitives using different libraries.
- WX_VIEW_CONTROLS - Controller for VIEW, handles user events, allows zooming, panning, etc.
- PAINTER/PCB_PAINTER - Classes that uses GAL interface to draw items (as you may have already guessed - PCB_PAINTER is a class for drawing PCB specific object, PAINTER is an abstract class). Its methods are invoked by VIEW, when an item has to be drawn. To display a new type of item - you need to implement draw(ITEM_TYPE*) method that draws it using GAL methods.
- STROKE_FONT - Implements stroke font drawing using GAL methods.
Most important changes to Kicad original code:
* EDA_ITEM now inherits from VIEW_ITEM, which is a base class for all drawable objects.
* EDA_DRAW_FRAME contains both usual EDA_DRAW_PANEL and new EDA_DRAW_PANEL_GAL, that can be switched anytime.
* There are some new layers for displaying multilayer pads, vias & pads holes (these are not shown yet on the right sidebar in pcbnew)
* Display order of layers is different than in previous versions (if you are curious - you may check m_galLayerOrder@pcbnew/basepcbframe.cpp). Preserving usual order would result in not very natural display, such as showing silkscreen texts on the bottom.
* Introduced new hotkey (Alt+F12) and new menu option (View->Switch canvas) for switching canvas during runtime.
* Some of classes (mostly derived from BOARD_ITEM) now includes ViewBBox & ViewGetLayers methods.
* Removed tools/class_painter.h, as now it is extended and included in source code.
Build changes:
* GAL-based rendering option is turned on by a new compilation CMake option KICAD_GAL.
* When compiling with CMake option KICAD_GAL=ON, GLEW and Cairo libraries are required.
* GAL-related code is compiled into a static library (common/libgal).
* Build with KICAD_GAL=OFF should not need any new libraries and should come out as a standard version of Kicad
Currently most of items in pcbnew can be displayed using OpenGL (to be done are DIMENSIONS and MARKERS).
More details about GAL can be found in: http://www.ohwr.org/attachments/1884/view-spec.pdf
include/vector2d.h: Removed old version
include/math/math_util.h: rescale() for VECTOR2
include/math/vector2d.h: New version of VECTOR2
include/math/box2.h: New version of BOX2
common/drawframe.cpp: Refactorization of code, so it is compatible with new classes
include/plot_common.h, pcbnew/basepcbframe.cpp: Changed header inclusion path
CMakeLists.txt: Added definition to turn on WX_COMPATIBILITY for replacement classes
* Complete encapsulation of the ZONE_CONTAINER class.
* Fixed a bug in the EDA_TEXT::Format() default effects behavior due to
improper conversion to internal units and missing test for default
thickness.
* Improved grammar of some Pcbnew context menu strings.
* Moved some more cleverly hidden BOARD object methods into class_board.cpp.
* Lots of coding policy and documentation fixes.
* Complete encapsulation of the MODULE class.
* Complete encapsulation of the EDA_TEXT class.
* Encapsulate most of the ZONE_CONTAINER class.
* Add pcbcommon library as a dependency for reSWIGging the scripting
support. This should cover most dependency cases.