/* json11
 *
 * json11 is a tiny JSON library for C++11, providing JSON parsing and serialization.
 *
 * The core object provided by the library is json11::Json. A Json object represents any JSON
 * value: null, bool, number (int or double), string (std::string), array (std::vector), or
 * object (std::map).
 *
 * Json objects act like values: they can be assigned, copied, moved, compared for equality or
 * order, etc. There are also helper methods Json::dump, to serialize a Json to a string, and
 * Json::parse (static) to parse a std::string as a Json object.
 *
 * Internally, the various types of Json object are represented by the JsonValue class
 * hierarchy.
 *
 * A note on numbers - JSON specifies the syntax of number formatting but not its semantics,
 * so some JSON implementations distinguish between integers and floating-point numbers, while
 * some don't. In json11, we choose the latter. Because some JSON implementations (namely
 * Javascript itself) treat all numbers as the same type, distinguishing the two leads
 * to JSON that will be *silently* changed by a round-trip through those implementations.
 * Dangerous! To avoid that risk, json11 stores all numbers as double internally, but also
 * provides integer helpers.
 *
 * Fortunately, double-precision IEEE754 ('double') can precisely store any integer in the
 * range +/-2^53, which includes every 'int' on most systems. (Timestamps often use int64
 * or long long to avoid the Y2038K problem; a double storing microseconds since some epoch
 * will be exact for +/- 275 years.)
 */

/* Copyright (c) 2013 Dropbox, Inc.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <initializer_list>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #if _MSC_VER <= 1800    // VS 2013
        #ifndef noexcept
            #define noexcept throw()
        #endif

        #ifndef snprintf
            #define snprintf _snprintf_s
        #endif
    #endif
#endif

namespace json11 {
enum JsonParse
{
    STANDARD, COMMENTS
};

class JsonValue;

class Json final
{
public:
    // Types
    enum Type
    {
        NUL, NUMBER, BOOL, STRING, ARRAY, OBJECT
    };

    // Array and object typedefs
    typedef std::vector<Json>           array;
    typedef std::map<std::string, Json> object;

    // Constructors for the various types of JSON value.
    Json() noexcept;                    // NUL
    Json( std::nullptr_t ) noexcept;    // NUL
    Json( double value );               // NUMBER
    Json( int value );                  // NUMBER
    Json( bool value );                 // BOOL
    Json( const std::string& value );   // STRING
    Json( std::string&& value );        // STRING
    Json( const char* value );          // STRING
    Json( const array& values );        // ARRAY
    Json( array&& values );             // ARRAY
    Json( const object& values );       // OBJECT
    Json( object&& values );            // OBJECT

    // Implicit constructor: anything with a to_json() function.
    template <class T, class = decltype(& T::to_json)>
    Json( const T& t ) : Json( t.to_json() ) {}

    // Implicit constructor: map-like objects (std::map, std::unordered_map, etc)
    template <class M, typename std::enable_if<
                    std::is_constructible<std::string,
                            decltype(std::declval<M>().begin()->first)>::value
                    && std::is_constructible<Json,
                            decltype(std::declval<M>().begin()->second)>::value,
                    int>::type = 0>
    Json( const M& m ) : Json( object( m.begin(), m.end() ) ) {}

    // Implicit constructor: vector-like objects (std::list, std::vector, std::set, etc)
    template <class V, typename std::enable_if<
                    std::is_constructible<Json, decltype( * std::declval<V>().begin() )>::value,
                    int>::type = 0>
    Json( const V& v ) : Json( array( v.begin(), v.end() ) ) {}

    // This prevents Json(some_pointer) from accidentally producing a bool. Use
    // Json(bool(some_pointer)) if that behavior is desired.
    Json( void* ) = delete;

    // Accessors
    Type type() const;

    bool is_null()   const { return type() == NUL; }
    bool is_number() const { return type() == NUMBER; }
    bool is_bool()   const { return type() == BOOL; }
    bool is_string() const { return type() == STRING; }
    bool is_array()  const { return type() == ARRAY; }
    bool is_object() const { return type() == OBJECT; }

    // Return the enclosed value if this is a number, 0 otherwise. Note that json11 does not
    // distinguish between integer and non-integer numbers - number_value() and int_value()
    // can both be applied to a NUMBER-typed object.
    double  number_value() const;
    int     int_value() const;

    // Return the enclosed value if this is a boolean, false otherwise.
    bool bool_value() const;

    // Return the enclosed string if this is a string, "" otherwise.
    const std::string& string_value() const;

    void set_string_value( std::string value ) const;

    // Return the enclosed std::vector if this is an array, or an empty vector otherwise.
    const array& array_items() const;

    // Return the enclosed std::map if this is an object, or an empty map otherwise.
    const object& object_items() const;

    // Return a reference to arr[i] if this is an array, Json() otherwise.
    const Json& operator[]( size_t i ) const;

    // Return a reference to obj[key] if this is an object, Json() otherwise.
    const Json& operator[]( const std::string& key ) const;

    // Serialize.
    void dump( int level, std::string& out ) const;

    std::string dump( int level ) const
    {
        std::string out;

        dump( level, out );
        return out;
    }

    // Parse. If parse fails, return Json() and assign an error message to err.
    static Json parse( const std::string& in,
            std::string& err,
            JsonParse strategy = JsonParse::STANDARD );

    static Json parse( const char* in,
            std::string& err,
            JsonParse strategy = JsonParse::STANDARD )
    {
        if( in )
        {
            return parse( std::string( in ), err, strategy );
        }
        else
        {
            err = "null input";
            return nullptr;
        }
    }

    // Parse multiple objects, concatenated or separated by whitespace
    static std::vector<Json> parse_multi( const std::string& in,
            std::string::size_type& parser_stop_pos,
            std::string& err,
            JsonParse strategy = JsonParse::STANDARD );

    static inline std::vector<Json> parse_multi( const std::string& in,
            std::string& err,
            JsonParse strategy = JsonParse::STANDARD )
    {
        std::string::size_type parser_stop_pos;

        return parse_multi( in, parser_stop_pos, err, strategy );
    }

    bool    operator==( const Json& rhs ) const;
    bool    operator<( const Json& rhs ) const;

    bool operator!=( const Json& rhs ) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
    bool operator<=( const Json& rhs ) const { return !(rhs < *this); }
    bool operator>( const Json& rhs ) const { return rhs < *this;  }
    bool operator>=( const Json& rhs ) const { return !(*this < rhs); }

    /* has_shape(types, err)
     *
     * Return true if this is a JSON object and, for each item in types, has a field of
     * the given type. If not, return false and set err to a descriptive message.
     */
    typedef std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, Type> > shape;
    bool has_shape( const shape& types, std::string& err ) const;

private:
    std::shared_ptr<JsonValue> m_ptr;
};

// Internal class hierarchy - JsonValue objects are not exposed to users of this API.
class JsonValue
{
protected:
    friend class Json;
    friend class JsonInt;
    friend class JsonDouble;
    virtual Json::Type          type() const = 0;
    virtual bool                equals( const JsonValue* other ) const = 0;
    virtual bool                less( const JsonValue* other ) const = 0;
    virtual void                dump( int level, std::string& out ) const = 0;
    virtual double              number_value() const;
    virtual int                 int_value() const;
    virtual bool                bool_value() const;
    virtual const std::string&  string_value() const;
    virtual void                set_string_value( std::string value ) const;
    virtual const Json::array&  array_items() const;
    virtual const Json&         operator[]( size_t i ) const;
    virtual const Json::object& object_items() const;
    virtual const Json&         operator[]( const std::string& key ) const;

    virtual ~JsonValue() {}
};
}    // namespace json11