/*
 * This program source code file is part of KiCad, a free EDA CAD application.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013 CERN
 * @author Tomasz Wlostowski <tomasz.wlostowski@cern.ch>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, you may find one here:
 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
 * or you may search the http://www.gnu.org website for the version 2 license,
 * or you may write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 */

#ifndef __COROUTINE_H
#define __COROUTINE_H

#include <cstdlib>

#include <boost/context/fcontext.hpp>

#include "delegate.h"

/**
  Class COROUNTINE.
  Implements a coroutine. Wikipedia has a good explanation:
  
  "Coroutines are computer program components that generalize subroutines to 
  allow multiple entry points for suspending and resuming execution at certain locations. 
  Coroutines are well-suited for implementing more familiar program components such as cooperative 
  tasks, exceptions, event loop, iterators, infinite lists and pipes."

  In other words, a coroutine can be considered a lightweight thread - which can be 
  preempted only when it deliberately yields the control to the caller. This way,
  we avoid concurrency problems such as locking / race conditions.

  Uses boost::context library to do the actual context switching.

  This particular version takes a DELEGATE as an entry point, so it can invoke
  methods within a given object as separate coroutines.

  See coroutine_example.cpp for sample code.
 */

template<class ReturnType, class ArgType >
class COROUTINE {

public:

	COROUTINE ( )
	{
		m_stackSize = c_defaultStackSize;
		m_stack = NULL;		
		m_saved = NULL;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Constructor
	 * Creates a coroutine from a member method of an object 
	 */

	template<class T>
	COROUTINE ( T* object,  ReturnType (T::*ptr)( ArgType ) ) : 
		m_func (object, ptr),
		m_saved(NULL),
		m_stack(NULL),
		m_stackSize(c_defaultStackSize)
	{
		
	}

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 * Creates a coroutine from a delegate object
	 */
	COROUTINE( DELEGATE < ReturnType, ArgType > aEntry ) :
		m_func(aEntry),
		m_saved(NULL),
		m_stack(NULL),
		m_stackSize(c_defaultStackSize)
	{};

	~COROUTINE()
	{
		if(m_saved)
			delete m_saved;
		if(m_stack)
			free(m_stack);
	}

	/**
	 * Function Yield()
	 *
	 * Stops execution of the coroutine and returns control to the caller.
	 * After a yield, Call() or Resume() methods invoked by the caller will 
	 * immediately return true, indicating that we are not done yet, just asleep.
	 */
	void Yield( )
	{
		jump_fcontext(m_self, m_saved, 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Function Yield() 
	 *
	 * Yield with a value - passes a value of given type to the caller.
	 * Useful for implementing generator objects.
	 */
	void Yield( ReturnType& retVal )
	{
		m_retVal = retVal;
		jump_fcontext(m_self, m_saved, 0);
	}

	/**
	 * Function SetEntry()
	 * 
	 * Defines the entry point for the coroutine, if not set in the constructor.
	 */
	void SetEntry ( DELEGATE < ReturnType, ArgType > aEntry )
	{
		m_func = aEntry;
	}

	/* Function Call()
	 *
	 * Starts execution of a coroutine, passing args as its arguments.
	 * @return true, if the coroutine has yielded and false if it has finished its
	 * execution (returned).
	 */
	bool Call( ArgType args )
	{
		// fixme: Clean up stack stuff. Add a guard 
		m_stack = malloc(c_defaultStackSize);

		// align to 16 bytes
		void *sp = (void *) ((((ptrdiff_t) m_stack) + m_stackSize - 0xf) & 0xfffffff0);

		m_args = &args;
		m_self = boost::context::make_fcontext(sp, m_stackSize, callerStub );
		m_saved  = new boost::context::fcontext_t();
		
		m_running = true;
		// off we go!
		boost::context::jump_fcontext(m_saved, m_self, reinterpret_cast<intptr_t> (this));
		return m_running;
	}

	/**
	 * Function Resume()
	 * 
	 * Resumes execution of a previously yielded coroutine.
	 * @return true, if the coroutine has yielded again and false if it has finished its
	 * execution (returned).
	 */
	bool Resume( )
	{
		jump_fcontext(m_saved, m_self, 0);	
		return m_running;
	}

	/**
	 * Function ReturnValue()
	 * 
	 * Returns the yielded value (the argument Yield() was called with)
	 */
	const ReturnType& ReturnValue() const
	{
		return m_retVal;
	}

	/** 
	 * Function Running()
	 *
	 * @return true, if the coroutine is active
	 */
	bool Running() const
	{
		return m_running;
	}

private:

	static const int c_defaultStackSize = 2000000;

	/* real entry point of the coroutine */
	static void callerStub(intptr_t data)
	{
		// get pointer to self 
		COROUTINE<ReturnType, ArgType> *cor = reinterpret_cast<COROUTINE<ReturnType, ArgType> *> (data);

		// call the coroutine method
		cor->m_retVal = cor->m_func(*cor->m_args);
		cor->m_running = false;		

		// go back to wherever we came from.
		boost::context::jump_fcontext(cor->m_self, cor->m_saved, 0); //reinterpret_cast<intptr_t> (this));
	}

	template <typename T> struct strip_ref {
  		typedef  T result;
	};

	template <typename T> struct strip_ref<T&> {
  		typedef  T result;
	};


	DELEGATE < ReturnType, ArgType > m_func;
	
	///< pointer to coroutine entry arguments. Stripped of references
	///< to avoid compiler errors.
	typename strip_ref<ArgType>::result *m_args;
	ReturnType m_retVal;
	
	///< saved caller context
	boost::context::fcontext_t *m_saved;
	
	///< saved coroutine context
	boost::context::fcontext_t *m_self;

	///< coroutine stack
	void *m_stack;

	size_t m_stackSize;

	bool m_running;
};

#endif