# # QR Code Generator for Python # # Copyright (c) 2012 Kazuhiko Arase # # URL: http://www.d-project.com/ # # Licensed under the MIT license: # http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php # # The word 'QR Code' is registered trademark of # DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED # http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/faqpatent-e.html # """QR Code Generator for Python from qrcode import QRCode, ErrorCorrectLevel # generate with explicit type number qr = QRCode() qr.setTypeNumber(4) qr.setErrorCorrectLevel(ErrorCorrectLevel.M) qr.addData('here comes qr!') qr.make() # generate with auto type number # qr = QRCode.getMinimumQRCode('here comes qr!', ErrorCorrectLevel.M) # create an image for r in range(qr.getModuleCount() ): for c in range(qr.getModuleCount() ): color = black if qr.isDark(r, c) else white # set pixel ... """ class QRCode: PAD0 = 0xEC PAD1 = 0x11 def __init__(self): self.typeNumber = 1 self.errorCorrectLevel = ErrorCorrectLevel.H self.qrDataList = [] self.modules = [] self.moduleCount = 0 def getTypeNumber(self): return self.typeNumber def setTypeNumber(self, typeNumber): self.typeNumber = typeNumber def getErrorCorrectLevel(self): return self.errorCorrectLevel def setErrorCorrectLevel(self, errorCorrectLevel): self.errorCorrectLevel = errorCorrectLevel def clearData(self): self.qrDataList = [] def addData(self, data): self.qrDataList.append(QR8BitByte(data) ) def getDataCount(self): return len(self.qrDataList) def getData(self, index): return self.qrDataList[index] def isDark(self, row, col): return (self.modules[row][col] if self.modules[row][col] != None else False) def getModuleCount(self): return self.moduleCount def make(self): self._make(False, self._getBestMaskPattern() ) def _getBestMaskPattern(self): minLostPoint = 0 pattern = 0 for i in range(8): self._make(True, i) lostPoint = QRUtil.getLostPoint(self) if i == 0 or minLostPoint > lostPoint: minLostPoint = lostPoint pattern = i return pattern def _make(self, test, maskPattern): self.moduleCount = self.typeNumber * 4 + 17 self.modules = [[None] * self.moduleCount for i in range(self.moduleCount)] self._setupPositionProbePattern(0, 0) self._setupPositionProbePattern(self.moduleCount - 7, 0) self._setupPositionProbePattern(0, self.moduleCount - 7) self._setupPositionAdjustPattern() self._setupTimingPattern() self._setupTypeInfo(test, maskPattern) if self.typeNumber >= 7: self._setupTypeNumber(test) data = QRCode._createData( self.typeNumber, self.errorCorrectLevel, self.qrDataList) self._mapData(data, maskPattern) def _mapData(self, data, maskPattern): rows = list(range(self.moduleCount) ) cols = [col - 1 if col <= 6 else col for col in range(self.moduleCount - 1, 0, -2)] maskFunc = QRUtil.getMaskFunction(maskPattern) byteIndex = 0 bitIndex = 7 for col in cols: rows.reverse() for row in rows: for c in range(2): if self.modules[row][col - c] == None: dark = False if byteIndex < len(data): dark = ( (data[byteIndex] >> bitIndex) & 1) == 1 if maskFunc(row, col - c): dark = not dark self.modules[row][col - c] = dark bitIndex -= 1 if bitIndex == -1: byteIndex += 1 bitIndex = 7 def _setupPositionAdjustPattern(self): pos = QRUtil.getPatternPosition(self.typeNumber) for row in pos: for col in pos: if self.modules[row][col] != None: continue for r in range(-2, 3): for c in range(-2, 3): self.modules[row + r][col + c] = ( r == -2 or r == 2 or c == -2 or c == 2 or (r == 0 and c == 0) ) def _setupPositionProbePattern(self, row, col): for r in range(-1, 8): for c in range(-1, 8): if (row + r <= -1 or self.moduleCount <= row + r or col + c <= -1 or self.moduleCount <= col + c): continue self.modules[row + r][col + c] = ( (0 <= r and r <= 6 and (c == 0 or c == 6) ) or (0 <= c and c <= 6 and (r == 0 or r == 6) ) or (2 <= r and r <= 4 and 2 <= c and c <= 4) ) def _setupTimingPattern(self): for r in range(8, self.moduleCount - 8): if self.modules[r][6] != None: continue self.modules[r][6] = r % 2 == 0 for c in range(8, self.moduleCount - 8): if self.modules[6][c] != None: continue self.modules[6][c] = c % 2 == 0 def _setupTypeNumber(self, test): bits = QRUtil.getBCHTypeNumber(self.typeNumber) for i in range(18): self.modules[i // 3][i % 3 + self.moduleCount - 8 - 3] = ( not test and ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1) for i in range(18): self.modules[i % 3 + self.moduleCount - 8 - 3][i // 3] = ( not test and ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1) def _setupTypeInfo(self, test, maskPattern): data = (self.errorCorrectLevel << 3) | maskPattern bits = QRUtil.getBCHTypeInfo(data) # vertical for i in range(15): mod = not test and ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1 if i < 6: self.modules[i][8] = mod elif i < 8: self.modules[i + 1][8] = mod else: self.modules[self.moduleCount - 15 + i][8] = mod # horizontal for i in range(15): mod = not test and ( (bits >> i) & 1) == 1 if i < 8: self.modules[8][self.moduleCount - i - 1] = mod elif i < 9: self.modules[8][15 - i - 1 + 1] = mod else: self.modules[8][15 - i - 1] = mod # fixed self.modules[self.moduleCount - 8][8] = not test @staticmethod def _createData(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel, dataArray): rsBlocks = RSBlock.getRSBlocks(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel) buffer = BitBuffer() for data in dataArray: buffer.put(data.getMode(), 4) buffer.put(data.getLength(), data.getLengthInBits(typeNumber) ) data.write(buffer) totalDataCount = sum(rsBlock.getDataCount() for rsBlock in rsBlocks) if buffer.getLengthInBits() > totalDataCount * 8: raise Exception('code length overflow. (%s > %s)' % (buffer.getLengthInBits(), totalDataCount * 8) ) # end code if buffer.getLengthInBits() + 4 <= totalDataCount * 8: buffer.put(0, 4) # padding while buffer.getLengthInBits() % 8 != 0: buffer.put(False) # padding while True: if buffer.getLengthInBits() >= totalDataCount * 8: break buffer.put(QRCode.PAD0, 8) if buffer.getLengthInBits() >= totalDataCount * 8: break buffer.put(QRCode.PAD1, 8) return QRCode._createBytes(buffer, rsBlocks) @staticmethod def _createBytes(buffer, rsBlocks): offset = 0 maxDcCount = 0 maxEcCount = 0 dcdata = [None] * len(rsBlocks) ecdata = [None] * len(rsBlocks) for r in range(len(rsBlocks) ): dcCount = rsBlocks[r].getDataCount() ecCount = rsBlocks[r].getTotalCount() - dcCount maxDcCount = max(maxDcCount, dcCount) maxEcCount = max(maxEcCount, ecCount) dcdata[r] = [0] * dcCount for i in range(len(dcdata[r] ) ): dcdata[r][i] = 0xff & buffer.getBuffer()[i + offset] offset += dcCount rsPoly = QRUtil.getErrorCorrectPolynomial(ecCount) rawPoly = Polynomial(dcdata[r], rsPoly.getLength() - 1) modPoly = rawPoly.mod(rsPoly) ecdata[r] = [0] * (rsPoly.getLength() - 1) for i in range(len(ecdata[r]) ): modIndex = i + modPoly.getLength() - len(ecdata[r]) ecdata[r][i] = modPoly.get(modIndex) if modIndex >= 0 else 0 totalCodeCount = sum(rsBlock.getTotalCount() for rsBlock in rsBlocks) data = [0] * totalCodeCount index = 0 for i in range(maxDcCount): for r in range(len(rsBlocks) ): if i < len(dcdata[r] ): data[index] = dcdata[r][i] index += 1 for i in range(maxEcCount): for r in range(len(rsBlocks) ): if i < len(ecdata[r] ): data[index] = ecdata[r][i] index += 1 return data @staticmethod def getMinimumQRCode(data, errorCorrectLevel): mode = Mode.MODE_8BIT_BYTE # fixed to 8bit byte qr = QRCode() qr.setErrorCorrectLevel(errorCorrectLevel) qr.addData(data) length = qr.getData(0).getLength() for typeNumber in range(1, 11): if length <= QRUtil.getMaxLength( typeNumber, mode, errorCorrectLevel): qr.setTypeNumber(typeNumber) break qr.make() return qr class Mode: MODE_NUMBER = 1 << 0 MODE_ALPHA_NUM = 1 << 1 MODE_8BIT_BYTE = 1 << 2 MODE_KANJI = 1 << 3 class ErrorCorrectLevel: L = 1 # 7% M = 0 # 15% Q = 3 # 25% H = 2 # 30% class MaskPattern: PATTERN000 = 0 PATTERN001 = 1 PATTERN010 = 2 PATTERN011 = 3 PATTERN100 = 4 PATTERN101 = 5 PATTERN110 = 6 PATTERN111 = 7 class QRUtil: @staticmethod def getPatternPosition(typeNumber): return QRUtil.PATTERN_POSITION_TABLE[typeNumber - 1] PATTERN_POSITION_TABLE = [ [], [6, 18], [6, 22], [6, 26], [6, 30], [6, 34], [6, 22, 38], [6, 24, 42], [6, 26, 46], [6, 28, 50], [6, 30, 54], [6, 32, 58], [6, 34, 62], [6, 26, 46, 66], [6, 26, 48, 70], [6, 26, 50, 74], [6, 30, 54, 78], [6, 30, 56, 82], [6, 30, 58, 86], [6, 34, 62, 90], [6, 28, 50, 72, 94], [6, 26, 50, 74, 98], [6, 30, 54, 78, 102], [6, 28, 54, 80, 106], [6, 32, 58, 84, 110], [6, 30, 58, 86, 114], [6, 34, 62, 90, 118], [6, 26, 50, 74, 98, 122], [6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126], [6, 26, 52, 78, 104, 130], [6, 30, 56, 82, 108, 134], [6, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138], [6, 30, 58, 86, 114, 142], [6, 34, 62, 90, 118, 146], [6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126, 150], [6, 24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154], [6, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132, 158], [6, 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162], [6, 26, 54, 82, 110, 138, 166], [6, 30, 58, 86, 114, 142, 170] ] MAX_LENGTH = [ [ [41, 25, 17, 10], [34, 20, 14, 8], [27, 16, 11, 7], [17, 10, 7, 4] ], [ [77, 47, 32, 20], [63, 38, 26, 16], [48, 29, 20, 12], [34, 20, 14, 8] ], [ [127, 77, 53, 32], [101, 61, 42, 26], [77, 47, 32, 20], [58, 35, 24, 15] ], [ [187, 114, 78, 48], [149, 90, 62, 38], [111, 67, 46, 28], [82, 50, 34, 21] ], [ [255, 154, 106, 65], [202, 122, 84, 52], [144, 87, 60, 37], [106, 64, 44, 27] ], [ [322, 195, 134, 82], [255, 154, 106, 65], [178, 108, 74, 45], [139, 84, 58, 36] ], [ [370, 224, 154, 95], [293, 178, 122, 75], [207, 125, 86, 53], [154, 93, 64, 39] ], [ [461, 279, 192, 118], [365, 221, 152, 93], [259, 157, 108, 66], [202, 122, 84, 52] ], [ [552, 335, 230, 141], [432, 262, 180, 111], [312, 189, 130, 80], [235, 143, 98, 60] ], [ [652, 395, 271, 167], [513, 311, 213, 131], [364, 221, 151, 93], [288, 174, 119, 74] ] ] @staticmethod def getMaxLength(typeNumber, mode, errorCorrectLevel): t = typeNumber - 1 e = { ErrorCorrectLevel.L: 0, ErrorCorrectLevel.M: 1, ErrorCorrectLevel.Q: 2, ErrorCorrectLevel.H: 3 }[errorCorrectLevel] m = { Mode.MODE_NUMBER: 0, Mode.MODE_ALPHA_NUM: 1, Mode.MODE_8BIT_BYTE: 2, Mode.MODE_KANJI: 3 }[mode] return QRUtil.MAX_LENGTH[t][e][m] @staticmethod def getErrorCorrectPolynomial(errorCorrectLength): a = Polynomial([1]) for i in range(errorCorrectLength): a = a.multiply(Polynomial([1, QRMath.gexp(i)]) ) return a @staticmethod def getMaskFunction(maskPattern): return { MaskPattern.PATTERN000: lambda i, j: (i + j) % 2 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN001: lambda i, j: i % 2 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN010: lambda i, j: j % 3 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN011: lambda i, j: (i + j) % 3 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN100: lambda i, j: (i // 2 + j // 3) % 2 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN101: lambda i, j: (i * j) % 2 + (i * j) % 3 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN110: lambda i, j: ( (i * j) % 2 + (i * j) % 3) % 2 == 0, MaskPattern.PATTERN111: lambda i, j: ( (i * j) % 3 + (i + j) % 2) % 2 == 0 }[maskPattern] @staticmethod def getLostPoint(qrcode): moduleCount = qrcode.getModuleCount() lostPoint = 0 # LEVEL1 for row in range(moduleCount): for col in range(moduleCount): sameCount = 0 dark = qrcode.isDark(row, col) for r in range(-1, 2): if row + r < 0 or moduleCount <= row + r: continue for c in range(-1, 2): if col + c < 0 or moduleCount <= col + c: continue if r == 0 and c == 0: continue if dark == qrcode.isDark(row + r, col + c): sameCount += 1 if sameCount > 5: lostPoint += (3 + sameCount - 5) # LEVEL2 for row in range(moduleCount - 1): for col in range(moduleCount - 1): count = 0 if qrcode.isDark(row, col): count += 1 if qrcode.isDark(row + 1, col): count += 1 if qrcode.isDark(row, col + 1): count += 1 if qrcode.isDark(row + 1, col + 1): count += 1 if count == 0 or count == 4: lostPoint += 3 # LEVEL3 for row in range(moduleCount): for col in range(moduleCount - 6): if (qrcode.isDark(row, col) and not qrcode.isDark(row, col + 1) and qrcode.isDark(row, col + 2) and qrcode.isDark(row, col + 3) and qrcode.isDark(row, col + 4) and not qrcode.isDark(row, col + 5) and qrcode.isDark(row, col + 6) ): lostPoint += 40 for col in range(moduleCount): for row in range(moduleCount - 6): if (qrcode.isDark(row, col) and not qrcode.isDark(row + 1, col) and qrcode.isDark(row + 2, col) and qrcode.isDark(row + 3, col) and qrcode.isDark(row + 4, col) and not qrcode.isDark(row + 5, col) and qrcode.isDark(row + 6, col) ): lostPoint += 40 # LEVEL4 darkCount = 0 for col in range(moduleCount): for row in range(moduleCount): if qrcode.isDark(row, col): darkCount += 1 ratio = abs(100 * darkCount // moduleCount // moduleCount - 50) // 5 lostPoint += ratio * 10 return lostPoint G15 = ( (1 << 10) | (1 << 8) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 0) ) G18 = ( (1 << 12) | (1 << 11) | (1 << 10) | (1 << 9) | (1 << 8) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 0) ) G15_MASK = (1 << 14) | (1 << 12) | (1 << 10) | (1 << 4) | (1 << 1) @staticmethod def getBCHTypeInfo(data): d = data << 10 while QRUtil.getBCHDigit(d) - QRUtil.getBCHDigit(QRUtil.G15) >= 0: d ^= (QRUtil.G15 << (QRUtil.getBCHDigit(d) - QRUtil.getBCHDigit(QRUtil.G15) ) ) return ( (data << 10) | d) ^ QRUtil.G15_MASK @staticmethod def getBCHTypeNumber(data): d = data << 12 while QRUtil.getBCHDigit(d) - QRUtil.getBCHDigit(QRUtil.G18) >= 0: d ^= (QRUtil.G18 << (QRUtil.getBCHDigit(d) - QRUtil.getBCHDigit(QRUtil.G18) ) ) return (data << 12) | d @staticmethod def getBCHDigit(data): digit = 0 while data != 0: digit += 1 data >>= 1 return digit @staticmethod def stringToBytes(s): return [ord(c) & 0xff for c in s] class QR8BitByte: def __init__(self, data): self.mode = Mode.MODE_8BIT_BYTE self.data = data def getMode(self): return self.mode def getData(self): return self.data ''' def write(self, buffer): raise Exception('not implemented.') def getLength(self): raise Exception('not implemented.') ''' def write(self, buffer): data = QRUtil.stringToBytes(self.getData() ) for d in data: buffer.put(d, 8) def getLength(self): return len(QRUtil.stringToBytes(self.getData() ) ) def getLengthInBits(self, type): if 1 <= type and type < 10: # 1 - 9 return { Mode.MODE_NUMBER: 10, Mode.MODE_ALPHA_NUM: 9, Mode.MODE_8BIT_BYTE: 8, Mode.MODE_KANJI: 8 }[self.mode] elif type < 27: # 10 - 26 return { Mode.MODE_NUMBER: 12, Mode.MODE_ALPHA_NUM: 11, Mode.MODE_8BIT_BYTE: 16, Mode.MODE_KANJI: 10 }[self.mode] elif type < 41: # 27 - 40 return { Mode.MODE_NUMBER: 14, Mode.MODE_ALPHA_NUM: 13, Mode.MODE_8BIT_BYTE: 16, Mode.MODE_KANJI: 12 }[self.mode] else: raise Exception('type:%s' % type) class QRMath: EXP_TABLE = None LOG_TABLE = None @staticmethod def _init(): QRMath.EXP_TABLE = [0] * 256 for i in range(256): QRMath.EXP_TABLE[i] = (1 << i if i < 8 else QRMath.EXP_TABLE[i - 4] ^ QRMath.EXP_TABLE[i - 5] ^ QRMath.EXP_TABLE[i - 6] ^ QRMath.EXP_TABLE[i - 8]) QRMath.LOG_TABLE = [0] * 256 for i in range(255): QRMath.LOG_TABLE[QRMath.EXP_TABLE[i] ] = i @staticmethod def glog(n): if n < 1: raise Exception('log(%s)' % n) return QRMath.LOG_TABLE[n] @staticmethod def gexp(n): while n < 0: n += 255 while n >= 256: n -= 255 return QRMath.EXP_TABLE[n] # initialize statics QRMath._init() class Polynomial: def __init__(self, num, shift=0): offset = 0 length = len(num) while offset < length and num[offset] == 0: offset += 1 self.num = num[offset:] + [0] * shift def get(self, index): return self.num[index] def getLength(self): return len(self.num) def __repr__(self): return ','.join( [str(self.get(i) ) for i in range(self.getLength() ) ] ) def toLogString(self): return ','.join( [str(QRMath.glog(self.get(i) ) ) for i in range(self.getLength() ) ] ) def multiply(self, e): num = [0] * (self.getLength() + e.getLength() - 1) for i in range(self.getLength() ): for j in range(e.getLength() ): num[i + j] ^= QRMath.gexp(QRMath.glog(self.get(i) ) + QRMath.glog(e.get(j) ) ) return Polynomial(num) def mod(self, e): if self.getLength() - e.getLength() < 0: return self ratio = QRMath.glog(self.get(0) ) - QRMath.glog(e.get(0) ) num = self.num[:] for i in range(e.getLength() ): num[i] ^= QRMath.gexp(QRMath.glog(e.get(i) ) + ratio) return Polynomial(num).mod(e) class RSBlock: RS_BLOCK_TABLE = [ # L # M # Q # H # 1 [1, 26, 19], [1, 26, 16], [1, 26, 13], [1, 26, 9], # 2 [1, 44, 34], [1, 44, 28], [1, 44, 22], [1, 44, 16], # 3 [1, 70, 55], [1, 70, 44], [2, 35, 17], [2, 35, 13], # 4 [1, 100, 80], [2, 50, 32], [2, 50, 24], [4, 25, 9], # 5 [1, 134, 108], [2, 67, 43], [2, 33, 15, 2, 34, 16], [2, 33, 11, 2, 34, 12], # 6 [2, 86, 68], [4, 43, 27], [4, 43, 19], [4, 43, 15], # 7 [2, 98, 78], [4, 49, 31], [2, 32, 14, 4, 33, 15], [4, 39, 13, 1, 40, 14], # 8 [2, 121, 97], [2, 60, 38, 2, 61, 39], [4, 40, 18, 2, 41, 19], [4, 40, 14, 2, 41, 15], # 9 [2, 146, 116], [3, 58, 36, 2, 59, 37], [4, 36, 16, 4, 37, 17], [4, 36, 12, 4, 37, 13], # 10 [2, 86, 68, 2, 87, 69], [4, 69, 43, 1, 70, 44], [6, 43, 19, 2, 44, 20], [6, 43, 15, 2, 44, 16] ] def __init__(self, totalCount, dataCount): self.totalCount = totalCount self.dataCount = dataCount def getDataCount(self): return self.dataCount def getTotalCount(self): return self.totalCount def __repr__(self): return ('(total=%s,data=%s)' % (self.totalCount, self.dataCount) ) @staticmethod def getRSBlocks(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel): rsBlock = RSBlock.getRsBlockTable(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel) length = len(rsBlock) // 3 list = [] for i in range(length): count = rsBlock[i * 3 + 0] totalCount = rsBlock[i * 3 + 1] dataCount = rsBlock[i * 3 + 2] list += [RSBlock(totalCount, dataCount)] * count return list @staticmethod def getRsBlockTable(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel): return { ErrorCorrectLevel.L: RSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[ (typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 0], ErrorCorrectLevel.M: RSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[ (typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 1], ErrorCorrectLevel.Q: RSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[ (typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 2], ErrorCorrectLevel.H: RSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[ (typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 3] }[errorCorrectLevel] class BitBuffer: def __init__(self, inclements=32): self.inclements = inclements self.buffer = [0] * self.inclements self.length = 0 def getBuffer(self): return self.buffer def getLengthInBits(self): return self.length def get(self, index): return ( (self.buffer[index // 8] >> (7 - index % 8) ) & 1) == 1 def putBit(self, bit): if self.length == len(self.buffer) * 8: self.buffer += [0] * self.inclements if bit: self.buffer[self.length // 8] |= (0x80 >> (self.length % 8) ) self.length += 1 def put(self, num, length): for i in range(length): self.putBit( ( (num >> (length - i - 1) ) & 1) == 1) def __repr__(self): return ''.join('1' if self.get(i) else '0' for i in range(self.getLengthInBits() ) )