diff --git a/plugins/provisioners/chef/config/chef_zero.rb b/plugins/provisioners/chef/config/chef_zero.rb
index 993a3fab9..d28de3dc9 100644
--- a/plugins/provisioners/chef/config/chef_zero.rb
+++ b/plugins/provisioners/chef/config/chef_zero.rb
@@ -3,26 +3,104 @@ require_relative "chef_solo"
 module VagrantPlugins
   module Chef
     module Config
-      class ChefZero < ChefSolo
-        attr_accessor :nodes_path
+      class ChefZero < BaseRunner
+        # The path on disk where Chef cookbooks are stored.
+        # Default is "cookbooks".
+        # @return [String]
+        attr_accessor :cookbooks_path
+
+        # The path where data bags are stored on disk.
+        # @return [String]
+        attr_accessor :data_bags_path
+
+        # The path where environments are stored on disk.
+        # @return [String]
+        attr_accessor :environments_path
+
+        # The path where roles are stored on disk.
+        # @return [String]
+        attr_accessor :roles_path
+
+        # The type of synced folders to use.
+        # @return [String]
+        attr_accessor :synced_folder_type
 
         def initialize
           super
 
-          @nodes_path = UNSET_VALUE
+          @cookbooks_path      = UNSET_VALUE
+          @data_bags_path      = UNSET_VALUE
+          @environments_path   = UNSET_VALUE
+          @roles_path          = UNSET_VALUE
+          @synced_folder_type  = UNSET_VALUE
         end
 
         def finalize!
           super
 
-          @nodes_path = [] if @nodes_path == UNSET_VALUE
+          @synced_folder_type = nil if @synced_folder_type == UNSET_VALUE
+
+          if @cookbooks_path == UNSET_VALUE
+            @cookbooks_path = []
+            @cookbooks_path << [:host, "cookbooks"] if !@recipe_url
+            @cookbooks_path << [:vm, "cookbooks"]
+          end
+
+          @data_bags_path    = [] if @data_bags_path == UNSET_VALUE
+          @roles_path        = [] if @roles_path == UNSET_VALUE
+          @environments_path = [] if @environments_path == UNSET_VALUE
+          @environments_path = [@environments_path].flatten
 
           # Make sure the path is an array.
-          @nodes_path = prepare_folders_config(@nodes_path)
+          @cookbooks_path    = prepare_folders_config(@cookbooks_path)
+          @data_bags_path    = prepare_folders_config(@data_bags_path)
+          @roles_path        = prepare_folders_config(@roles_path)
+          @environments_path = prepare_folders_config(@environments_path)
+
         end
 
         def validate(machine)
-          { "chef zero provisioner" => super["chef solo provisioner"] }
+          errors = validate_base(machine)
+
+          if [cookbooks_path].flatten.compact.empty?
+            errors << I18n.t("vagrant.config.chef.cookbooks_path_empty")
+          end
+
+          if environment && environments_path.empty?
+            errors << I18n.t("vagrant.config.chef.environment_path_required")
+          end
+
+          environments_path.each do |type, raw_path|
+            next if type != :host
+
+            path = Pathname.new(raw_path).expand_path(machine.env.root_path)
+            if !path.directory?
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.config.chef.environment_path_missing",
+                path: raw_path.to_s
+              )
+            end
+          end
+
+          { "chef zero provisioner" => errors }
+        end
+
+        protected
+
+        # This takes any of the configurations that take a path or
+        # array of paths and turns it into the proper format.
+        #
+        # @return [Array]
+        def prepare_folders_config(config)
+          # Make sure the path is an array
+          config = [config] if !config.is_a?(Array) || config.first.is_a?(Symbol)
+
+          return [] if config.flatten.compact.empty?
+
+          # Make sure all the paths are in the proper format
+          config.map do |path|
+            path = [:host, path] if !path.is_a?(Array)
+            path
+          end
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/plugins/provisioners/chef/provisioner/chef_zero.rb b/plugins/provisioners/chef/provisioner/chef_zero.rb
index f634bc9a7..1a63be73f 100644
--- a/plugins/provisioners/chef/provisioner/chef_zero.rb
+++ b/plugins/provisioners/chef/provisioner/chef_zero.rb
@@ -1,36 +1,207 @@
+require "digest/md5"
+require "securerandom"
+require "set"
+
 require "log4r"
 
-require_relative "chef_solo"
+require "vagrant/util/counter"
+
+require_relative "base"
 
 module VagrantPlugins
   module Chef
     module Provisioner
       # This class implements provisioning via chef-zero.
-      class ChefZero < ChefSolo
-        attr_reader :node_folders
+      class ChefZero < Base
+        extend Vagrant::Util::Counter
+        include Vagrant::Util::Counter
+        include Vagrant::Action::Builtin::MixinSyncedFolders
+
+        attr_reader :environments_folders
+        attr_reader :cookbook_folders
+        attr_reader :role_folders
+        attr_reader :data_bags_folders
 
         def initialize(machine, config)
           super
           @logger = Log4r::Logger.new("vagrant::provisioners::chef_zero")
+          @shared_folders = []
         end
 
         def configure(root_config)
-          super
+          @cookbook_folders  = expanded_folders(@config.cookbooks_path, "cookbooks")
+          @role_folders      = expanded_folders(@config.roles_path, "roles")
+          @data_bags_folders = expanded_folders(@config.data_bags_path, "data_bags")
+          @environments_folders = expanded_folders(@config.environments_path, "environments")
 
-          @node_folders = expanded_folders(@config.nodes_path, "nodes")
-
-          share_folders(root_config, "csn", @node_folders)
+          existing = synced_folders(@machine, cached: true)
+          share_folders(root_config, "csc", @cookbook_folders, existing)
+          share_folders(root_config, "csr", @role_folders, existing)
+          share_folders(root_config, "csdb", @data_bags_folders, existing)
+          share_folders(root_config, "cse", @environments_folders, existing)
         end
 
-        def provision
-          super(:zero)
+        def provision(mode = :client)
+          install_chef
+          # Verify that the proper shared folders exist.
+          check = []
+          @shared_folders.each do |type, local_path, remote_path|
+            # We only care about checking folders that have a local path, meaning
+            # they were shared from the local machine, rather than assumed to
+            # exist on the VM.
+            check << remote_path if local_path
+          end
+
+          chown_provisioning_folder
+          verify_shared_folders(check)
+          verify_binary(chef_binary_path("chef-client"))
+          upload_encrypted_data_bag_secret
+          setup_json
+          setup_zero_config
+          run_chef(mode)
+          delete_encrypted_data_bag_secret
         end
 
-        def solo_config
-          super.merge(
+        # Converts paths to a list of properly expanded paths with types.
+        def expanded_folders(paths, appended_folder=nil)
+          # Convert the path to an array if it is a string or just a single
+          # path element which contains the folder location (:host or :vm)
+          paths = [paths] if paths.is_a?(String) || paths.first.is_a?(Symbol)
+
+          results = []
+          paths.each do |type, path|
+            # Create the local/remote path based on whether this is a host
+            # or VM path.
+            local_path = nil
+            remote_path = nil
+            if type == :host
+              # Get the expanded path that the host path points to
+              local_path = File.expand_path(path, @machine.env.root_path)
+
+              if File.exist?(local_path)
+                # Path exists on the host, setup the remote path. We use
+                # the MD5 of the local path so that it is predictable.
+                key         = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(local_path)
+                remote_path = "#{@config.provisioning_path}/#{key}"
+              else
+                @machine.ui.warn(I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.chef.cookbook_folder_not_found_warning",
+                                       path: local_path.to_s))
+                next
+              end
+            else
+              # Path already exists on the virtual machine. Expand it
+              # relative to where we're provisioning.
+              remote_path = File.expand_path(path, @config.provisioning_path)
+
+              # Remove drive letter if running on a windows host. This is a bit
+              # of a hack but is the most portable way I can think of at the moment
+              # to achieve this. Otherwise, Vagrant attempts to share at some crazy
+              # path like /home/vagrant/c:/foo/bar
+              remote_path = remote_path.gsub(/^[a-zA-Z]:/, "")
+            end
+
+            # If we have specified a folder name to append then append it
+            remote_path += "/#{appended_folder}" if appended_folder
+
+            # Append the result
+            results << [type, local_path, remote_path]
+          end
+
+          results
+        end
+
+        # Shares the given folders with the given prefix. The folders should
+        # be of the structure resulting from the `expanded_folders` function.
+        def share_folders(root_config, prefix, folders, existing=nil)
+          existing_set = Set.new
+          (existing || []).each do |_, fs|
+            fs.each do |id, data|
+              existing_set.add(data[:guestpath])
+            end
+          end
+
+          folders.each do |type, local_path, remote_path|
+            next if type != :host
+
+            # If this folder already exists, then we don't share it, it means
+            # it was already put down on disk.
+            if existing_set.include?(remote_path)
+              @logger.debug("Not sharing #{local_path}, exists as #{remote_path}")
+              next
+            end
+
+            opts = {}
+            opts[:id] = "v-#{prefix}-#{self.class.get_and_update_counter(:shared_folder)}"
+            opts[:type] = @config.synced_folder_type if @config.synced_folder_type
+
+            root_config.vm.synced_folder(local_path, remote_path, opts)
+          end
+
+          @shared_folders += folders
+        end
+
+        def setup_zero_config
+          setup_config("provisioners/chef_zero/zero", "client.rb", {
             local_mode: true,
-            node_path: guest_paths(@node_folders).first
-          )
+            enable_reporting: false,
+            cookbooks_path: guest_paths(@cookbook_folders),
+            roles_path: guest_paths(@role_folders),
+            data_bags_path: guest_paths(@data_bags_folders).first,
+            environments_path: guest_paths(@environments_folders).first,
+          })
+        end
+
+        def run_chef(mode)
+          if @config.run_list && @config.run_list.empty?
+            @machine.ui.warn(I18n.t("vagrant.chef_run_list_empty"))
+          end
+
+          if @machine.guest.capability?(:wait_for_reboot)
+            @machine.guest.capability(:wait_for_reboot)
+          end
+
+          command = build_command(:client)
+
+          @config.attempts.times do |attempt|
+            if attempt == 0
+              @machine.ui.info I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.chef.running_#{mode}")
+            else
+              @machine.ui.info I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.chef.running_#{mode}_again")
+            end
+
+            opts = { error_check: false, elevated: true }
+            exit_status = @machine.communicate.sudo(command, opts) do |type, data|
+              # Output the data with the proper color based on the stream.
+              color = type == :stdout ? :green : :red
+
+              data = data.chomp
+              next if data.empty?
+
+              @machine.ui.info(data, color: color)
+            end
+
+            # There is no need to run Chef again if it converges
+            return if exit_status == 0
+          end
+
+          # If we reached this point then Chef never converged! Error.
+          raise ChefError, :no_convergence
+        end
+
+        def verify_shared_folders(folders)
+          folders.each do |folder|
+            @logger.debug("Checking for shared folder: #{folder}")
+            if !@machine.communicate.test("test -d #{folder}", sudo: true)
+              raise ChefError, :missing_shared_folders
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        protected
+
+        # Extracts only the remote paths from a list of folders
+        def guest_paths(folders)
+          folders.map { |parts| parts[2] }
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/templates/provisioners/chef_zero/zero.erb b/templates/provisioners/chef_zero/zero.erb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3ba00af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/provisioners/chef_zero/zero.erb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<% if node_name %>
+node_name "<%= node_name %>"
+<% end %>
+file_cache_path    "<%= file_cache_path %>"
+file_backup_path   "<%= file_backup_path %>"
+cookbook_path <%= cookbooks_path.inspect %>
+<% if roles_path %>
+role_path <%= roles_path.size == 1 ? roles_path.first.inspect : roles_path.inspect %>
+<% end %>
+log_level <%= log_level.inspect %>
+verbose_logging <%= verbose_logging.inspect %>
+<% if ! enable_reporting %>
+enable_reporting <%= enable_reporting.inspect %>
+<% end %>
+
+encrypted_data_bag_secret <%= encrypted_data_bag_secret.inspect %>
+
+<% if data_bags_path -%>
+data_bag_path <%= data_bags_path.inspect %>
+<% end %>
+
+<% if environments_path %>
+environment_path <%= environments_path.inspect %>
+<% end -%>
+
+<% if environment %>
+environment "<%= environment %>"
+<% end -%>
+
+<% if local_mode -%>
+chef_zero.enabled true
+local_mode true
+<% end -%>
+<% if node_path -%>
+node_path <%= node_path.inspect %>
+<% end -%>
+
+<% if formatter %>
+add_formatter "<%= formatter %>"
+<% end %>
+
+<% if custom_configuration -%>
+Chef::Config.from_file "<%= custom_configuration %>"
+<% end -%>