diff --git a/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm.rb b/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm.rb
index 8379f09d8..a0dc0c8b2 100644
--- a/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm.rb
+++ b/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm.rb
@@ -767,7 +767,8 @@ module VagrantPlugins
             next
           end
 
-          provisioner_errors = vm_provisioner.validate(machine)
+          provisioner_names = @provisioners.map { |i| i.name if i.name != vm_provisioner.name }.reject(&:blank?)
+          provisioner_errors = vm_provisioner.validate(machine, provisioner_names)
           if provisioner_errors
             errors = Vagrant::Config::V2::Util.merge_errors(errors, provisioner_errors)
           end
diff --git a/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm_provisioner.rb b/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm_provisioner.rb
index 545da783d..1dcdeedc1 100644
--- a/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm_provisioner.rb
+++ b/plugins/kernel_v2/config/vm_provisioner.rb
@@ -105,23 +105,43 @@ module VagrantPlugins
         @config.finalize!
       end
 
+      # @param [Vagrant::Machine] machine - machine to validate against
+      # @param [Array<Symbol>] provisioner_names - Names of provisioners for a given machine
       # @return [Array] array of strings of error messages from config option validation
-      def validate(machine)
+      def validate(machine, provisioner_names)
         errors = _detected_errors
 
         if @before
-          if @before.is_a?(Symbol) && !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@before)
-            errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.invalid_alias_value", opt: "before", alias: VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.join(", "))
-          elsif !@before.is_a?(String) && !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@before)
-            errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.wrong_type", opt: "before")
+          if !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@before)
+            if @before.is_a?(Symbol) && !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@before)
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.invalid_alias_value", opt: "before", alias: VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.join(", "))
+            elsif !@before.is_a?(String) && !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@before)
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.wrong_type", opt: "before")
+            end
+
+            if !provisioner_names.include?(@before.to_sym)
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.missing_provisioner_name",
+                               name: @before,
+                               machine_name: machine.name,
+                               action: "before")
+            end
           end
         end
 
         if @after
-          if @after.is_a?(Symbol) && !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@after)
-            errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.invalid_alias_value", opt: "after", alias: VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.join(", "))
-          elsif !@after.is_a?(String) && !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@after)
-            errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.wrong_type", opt: "after")
+          if !VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.include?(@after)
+            if @after.is_a?(Symbol)
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.invalid_alias_value", opt: "after", alias: VALID_BEFORE_AFTER_TYPES.join(", "))
+            elsif !@after.is_a?(String)
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.wrong_type", opt: "after")
+            end
+
+            if !provisioner_names.include?(@after.to_sym)
+              errors << I18n.t("vagrant.provisioners.base.missing_provisioner_name",
+                               name: @after,
+                               machine_name: machine.name,
+                               action: "after")
+            end
           end
         end
 
diff --git a/templates/locales/en.yml b/templates/locales/en.yml
index 766f36984..3590cdb9b 100644
--- a/templates/locales/en.yml
+++ b/templates/locales/en.yml
@@ -2489,6 +2489,8 @@ en:
       base:
         invalid_alias_value: |-
           Provisioner option `%{opt}` is not set as a valid type. Must be a string, or one of the alias shortcuts: %{alias}
+        missing_provisioner_name: |-
+          Could not find provisioner name `%{name}` defined for machine `%{machine_name}` to run provisioner `%{action}`.
         wrong_type: |-
           Provisioner option `%{opt}` is not set as a valid type. Must be a string.
       chef: