kicad/Documentation/development/testing.md

# Testing KiCad #

[TOC]

# Unit tests {#unit-tests}

KiCad has a limited number of unit tests, which can be used to
check that certain functionality works.

Tests are registered using [CTest][], part of CMake. CTest gathers all the
disparate test programs and runs them. Most C++ unit
tests are written using the [Boost Unit Test framework][], but this is not
required to add a test to the testing suite.

The test CMake targets generally start with `qa_`, the names of the tests
within CTest are the same but without the `qa_` prefix.

## Running tests {#running-tests}

You can run all tests after building with `make test` or `ctest`. The latter
option allows many CTest options which can be useful, especially in automated
or CI environments.

### Running specific tests {#running-specific-tests}

To run a specific test executable, you can just run with `ctest` or run
the executable directly. Running directly is often the simplest way when
working on a specific test and you want access to the test executable's
arguments. For example:

    # run the libcommon tests
    cd /path/to/kicad/build
    qa/common/qa_common [parameters]

For Boost unit tests, you can see the options for the test with `<test> --help`.
Common useful patterns:

* `<test> -t "Utf8/*"` runs all tests in the `Utf8` test suite.
* `<test> -t "Utf8/UniIterNull"` runs only a single test in a specific suite.
* `<test> -l all` adds more verbose debugging to the output.
* `<test> --list_content` lists the test suites and test cases within the
    test program. You can use these for arguments to `-t`.

You can rebuild just a specific test with CMake to avoid rebuilding
everything when working on a small area, e.g. `make qa_common`.

### Automated testing {#automated-testing}

The unit tests can be run on automated Continuous Integration (CI) systems.

By default, tests output human-readable results, which is useful when
developing or debugging, but not so useful for automated test reporting.
Systems that can parse XML test results can enable these by setting the
`KICAD_TEST_XML_OUTPUT` option to `ON`. The test results are then output
as files ending in `.xml` in the `qa` subdirectory.

Test results are written to the build directory as follows:

* Boost units tests: one XML file per test with the extension `.boost-results.xml`
* Python unit tests: one directory per test with the extension `.xunit-results.xml`.
  These directories contain one `.xml` file per Python test case file.

## Writing Boost tests {#writing-boost-tests}

Boost unit tests are straightforward to write. Individual test cases can be
registered with:

    BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( SomeTest )
    {
        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( 1, 1 );
    }

There is a range of functions like `BOOST_CHECK`, which are documented
[here][boost-test-functions]. Using the most specific function is preferred, as that
allows Boost to provide more detailed failures: `BOOST_CHECK( foo == bar )` only
reports a mismatch, `BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( foo, bar )` will show the values of
each.

To output debug messages, you can use `BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE` in the unit tests,
which will be visible only if you set the `-l` parameter to `message` or higher.
This colours the text differently to make it stand out from other testing
messages and standard output.

You can also use `std::cout`, `printf`, `wxLogDebug` and so on for debug
messages inside tested functions (i.e. where you don't have access to the Boost
unit test headers). These will always be printed, so take care
to remove them before committing, or they'll show up when KiCad runs normally!

### Expected failures {#expected-failures}

Sometimes, it is helpful to check in tests that do not pass. However, it is bad
practise to intentionally check in commits that break builds (which is what
happens if you cause `make test` to fail).

Boost provides a method of declaring that some specific tests are allowed to fail.
This syntax is not consistently available in all supported Boost versions, so you
should use the following construct:

```
#include <unit_test_utils/unit_test_utils.h>

// On platforms with older boosts, the test will be excluded entirely
#ifdef HAVE_EXPECTED_FAILURES

// Declare a test case with 1 "allowed" failure (out of 2, in this case)
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( SomeTest, *boost::unit_test::expected_failures( 1 ) )
{
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( 1, 1 );

    // This check fails, but does not cause a test suite failure
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( 1, 2 );

    // Further failures *would* be a test suit failure
}

#endif
```

When run, this produces output somewhat like this:

```
qa/common/test_mytest.cpp(123): error: in "MyTests/SomeTest": check 1 == 2 has failed [1 != 2
*** No errors detected
```

And the unit test executable returns `0` (success).

Checking in a failing test is a strictly temporary situation, used to illustrate
the triggering of a bug prior to fixing it. This is advantageous, not only from
a "project history" perspective, but also to ensure that the test you write to
catch the bug in question does, in fact, catch the bug in the first place.

### Assertions {#test-assertions}

It is possible to check for assertions in unit tests. When running the unit
tests, `wxASSERT` calls are caught and re-thrown as exceptions. You can then use
the `CHECK_WX_ASSERT` macro to check this is called in Debug builds. In Release
builds, the check is not run, as `wxASSERT` is disabled in these builds.

You can use this to ensure that code rejects invalid input correctly.

## Python modules {#python-tests}

The Pcbnew Python modules have some test programs in the `qa` directory.
You must have the `KICAD_SCRIPTING_MODULES` option on in CMake to
build the modules and enable this target.

The main test script is `qa/test.py` and the test units are in
`qa/testcases`. All the test units can by run using `ctest python`, which
runs `test.py`.

You can also run an individual case manually, by making sure the
modules are built, adding them to `PYTHONPATH` and running the test
from the source tree:

    make pcbnew_python_module
    export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/kicad/build/pcbnew
    cd /path/to/kicad/source/qa
    python2 testcase/test_001_pcb_load.py

### Diagnosing segfaults {#python-segfaults}

Although the module is Python, it links against a C++ library
(the same one used by KiCad Pcbnew), so it can segfault if the library
has a defect.

You can run the tests in GDB to trace this:

    $ gdb

    (gdb) file python2
    (gdb) run testcases/test_001_pcb_load.py

If the test segfaults, you will get a familiar backtrace, just like
if you were running pcbnew under GDB.

# Utility programs {#utility-programs}

KiCad includes some utility programs that can be used for debugging, profiling,
analysing or developing certain parts of the code without having to invoke the full
GUI program.

Generally, they are part of the `qa_*_tools` QA executables, each one containing
the relevant tools for that library. To list the tools in a given program, pass
the `-l` parameter. Most tools provide help with the `-h` argument.
To invoke a program:

    qa_<lib>_tools <tool name> [-h] [tool arguments]

Below is a brief outline of some available tools. For full information and command-line
parameters, refer to the tools' usage test (`-h`).

* `common_tools` (the common library and core functions):
    * `coroutine`: A simple coroutine example
    * `io_benchmark`: Show relative speeds of reading files using various IO techniques.
* `qa_pcbnew_tools` (pcbnew-related functions):
    * `drc`: Run and benchmark certain DRC functions on a user-provided `.kicad_pcb` files
    * `pcb_parser`: Parse user-provided `.kicad_pcb` files
    * `polygon_generator`: Dump polygons found on a PCB to the console
    * `polygon_triangulation`: Perform triangulation of zone polygons on PCBs

# Fuzz testing {#fuzz-testing}

It is possible to run fuzz testing on some parts of KiCad. To do this for a
generic function, you need to be able to pass some kind of input from the fuzz
testing tool to the function under test.

For example, to use the [AFL fuzzing tool][], you will need:

* A test executable that can:
    * Receive input from `stdin` to be run by `afl-fuzz`.
    * Optional: process input from a filename to allow `afl-tmin` to minimise the
      input files.
* To compile this executable with an AFL compiler, to enable the instrumentation
  that allows the fuzzer to detect the fuzzing state.

For example, the `qa_pcbnew_tools` executable (which contains `pcb_parser`,
a fuzz testing tool for `.kicad_pcb` file parsing) can be compiled like this:

    mkdir build
    cd build
    cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/bin/afl-clang-fast++ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/bin/afl-clang-fast ../kicad_src
    make qa_pcbnew_tools

You may need to disable core dumps and CPU frequency scaling on your system (AFL
will warn you if you should do this). For example, as root:

    # echo core >/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
    # echo performance | tee cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

To fuzz, run the executable via `afl-fuzz`:

    afl-fuzz -i fuzzin -o fuzzout -m500 qa/pcbnew_tools/qa_pcbnew_tools pcb_parser

where:

* `-i` is a directory of files to use as fuzz input "seeds"
* `-o` is a directory to write the results (including inputs that provoke crashes
  or hangs)
* `-t` is the maximum time that a run is allowed to take before being declared a "hang"
* `-m` is the memory allowed to use (this often needs to be bumped, as KiCad code
  tends to use a lot of memory to initialise)

The AFL TUI will then display the fuzzing progress, and you can use the hang- or
crash-provoking inputs to debug code as needed.

# Run-time debugging {#run-time}

KiCad can be debugged at run-time, either under a full debugger
such as GDB, or using simple methods like logging debug to the
console.

## Printing debug {#print-debug}

If you are compiling KiCad yourself, you can simply add debugging statements to
relevant places in the code, for example:

    wxLogDebug( "Value of variable: %d", my_int );

This produces debug output that can only be seen when compiling
in Debug mode.

You can also use `std::cout` and `printf`.

Ensure you do not leave this kind of debugging in place when
submitting code.

## Printing trace {#trace-debug}

Some parts of the code have "trace" that can be enabled selectively according to
a "mask", for example:

    wxLogTrace( "TRACEMASK", "My trace, value: %d", my_int );

This will not be printed by default. To show it, set the `WXTRACE` environment
variable when you run KiCad to include the masks you wish to enable:

    $ WXTRACE="TRACEMASK,OTHERMASK" kicad

When printed, the debug will be prefixed with a timestamp and the trace mask:

    11:22:33: Trace: (TRACEMASK) My trace, value: 42

If you add a trace mask, define and document the mask as a variable in
`include/trace_helpers.h`. This will add it to the [trace mask documentation][].

Some available masks:

* Core KiCad functions:
    * `KICAD_KEY_EVENTS`
    * `KicadScrollSettings`
    * `KICAD_FIND_ITEM`
    * `KICAD_FIND_REPLACE`
    * `KICAD_NGSPICE`
    * `KICAD_PLUGINLOADER`
    * `GAL_PROFILE`
    * `GAL_CACHED_CONTAINER`
    * `PNS`
    * `CN`
    * `SCROLL_ZOOM` - for the scroll-wheel zooming logic in GAL
* Plugin-specific (including "standard" KiCad formats):
    * `3D_CACHE`
    * `3D_SG`
    * `3D_RESOLVER`
    * `3D_PLUGIN_MANAGER`
    * `KI_TRACE_CCAMERA`
    * `PLUGIN_IDF`
    * `PLUGIN_VRML`
    * `KICAD_SCH_LEGACY_PLUGIN`
    * `KICAD_GEDA_PLUGIN`
    * `KICAD_PCB_PLUGIN`

# Advanced configuration {#advanced-configuration}

There are some advance configuration options, which are mostly used for
development or testing purposes.

To set these options, you can create the file `kicad_advanced` and set the keys
as desired (the [advanced config documentation][] for a current list. You should
never need to set these keys for normal usage - if you do, that's a bug.

Any features enabled though the advanced configuration system are
considered experimental and therefore unsuitable for production use. These
features are explicitly not supported or considered fully tested.
Issues are still welcome for defects discovered.


[CTest]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/CTest.html
[Boost Unit Test framework]: https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_68_0/libs/test/doc/html/index.html
[boost-test-functions]: https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_68_0/libs/test/doc/html/boost_test/utf_reference/testing_tool_ref.html
[AFL fuzzing tool]: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/
[trace mask documentation]: http://docs.kicad-pcb.org/doxygen/group__trace__env__vars.html
[trace mask documentation]: http://docs.kicad-pcb.org/doxygen/group__trace__env__vars.html
[advanced config documentation]: http://docs.kicad-pcb.org/doxygen/namespaceAC__KEYS.html