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# Vagrant vs. CLI Tools
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Virtualization software like VirtualBox and VMware come with command line
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utilities for managing the lifecycle of machines on their platform. Vagrant
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actually uses many of these utilities internally. The difference between these
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CLI tools and Vagrant is that Vagrant provides a declarative, reproducible,
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idempotent workflow.
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utilities for managing the lifecycle of machines on their platform. Many
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people make use of these utilities to write their own automation. Vagrant
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actually uses many of these utilities internally.
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The difference between these CLI tools and Vagrant is that Vagrant builds
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on top of these utilities in a number of ways while still providing a
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consistent workflow. Vagrant supports multiple synced folder types, multiple
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provisioners to setup the machine, automatic SSH setup, creating HTTP tunnels
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into your development environment, and more. All of these can be configured
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using a single simple configuration file.
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Vagrant still has a number of improvements over manual scripting even if you
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ignore all the higher-level features Vagrant provides. The command-line
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utilities provided by virtualization software often change each version
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or have subtle bugs with workarounds. Vagrant automatically detects the
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version, uses the correct flags, and can work around known issues. So if
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you're using one version of VirtualBox and a co-worker is using a different
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version, Vagrant will still work consistently.
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For highly-specific workflows that don't change often, it can still be
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beneficial to maintain custom scripts. Vagrant is targeted at building
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development environments but some advanced users still use the CLI tools
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underneath to do other manual things.
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# Vagrant vs. Docker
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Vagrant uses kernel-level isolation whereas Docker uses userland-level
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isolation. In practice, this means Vagrant will provide more isolation from your
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virtual machines than Docker, but Docker will be faster to boot machines. After
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booting, speeds are roughly equivalent.
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Vagrant is a tool focused on providing a consistent development environment
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workflow across multiple operation systems. Docker is a container management
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that can consistently run software as long as a containerization system exists.
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Docker also lacks support for certain operating systems (like Windows and BSD).
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If your target deployment is a Windows environment, Docker will not provide the
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same production parity as a tool like Vagrant.
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Containers are generally more lightweight than virtual machines, so starting
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and stopping containers is extremely fast. Most common development machines
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don't have a containerization system built-in, and Docker uses a virtual machine
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with Linux installed to provide that.
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Both Vagrant and Docker have a vast library of community-contributed "images" or
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"boxes" to choose from.
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Currently, Docker lacks support for certain operating systems (such as
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Windows and BSD). If your target deployment is one of these operating systems,
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Docker will not provide the same production parity as a tool like Vagrant.
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Vagrant will allow you to run a Windows development environment on Mac or Linux,
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as well.
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For microservice heavy environments, Docker can be attractive because you
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can easily start a single Docker VM and start many containers above that
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very quickly. This is a good use case for Docker. Vagrant can do this as well
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with the Docker provider. A primary benefit for Vagrant is a consistent workflow
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but there are many cases where a pure-Docker workflow does make sense.
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Both Vagrant and Docker have a vast library of community-contributed "images"
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or "boxes" to choose from.
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# Vagrant vs. Terraform
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Vagrant is a tool for managing virtual machines. [Terraform][terraform] is
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another open source tool from [HashiCorp][hashicorp] which enables
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infrastructure as code.
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Vagrant and [Terraform][terraform] are both projects from [HashiCorp][hashicorp].
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Vagrant is a tool focused for managing development environments and
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Terraform is a tool for building infrastructure.
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Both Vagrant and Terraform use a declarative syntax to express the desired,
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final state of a system. Vagrant's focus is on development environments whereas
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Terraform's focus is on remote APIs and cloud resources. While Terraform has
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provisioners, they are not as full-featured as those in Vagrant. Vagrant cannot
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manage cloud resources without third-party plugins.
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Terraform can decribe complex sets of infrastructure that exists
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locally or remotely. It is focused on building and changing that infrastructure
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over time. The minimal aspects of virtual machine lifecycle can be reproduced
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in Terraform, sometimes leading to confusion with Vagrant.
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Vagrant provides a number of higher level features that Terraform doesn't.
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Synced folders, automatic networking, HTTP tunneling, and more are features
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provided by Vagrant to ease development environment usage. Because Terraform
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is focused on infrastructure management and not development environments,
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these features are out of scope for that project.
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The primary usage of Terraform is for managing remote resources in cloud
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providers such as AWS. Terraform is designed to be able to manage extremely
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large infrastructures that span multiple cloud providers. Vagrant is designed
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primarily for local development environments that use only a handful of
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virtual machines at most.
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Vagrant is for development environments. Terraform is for more general
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infrastructure management.
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[hashicorp]: https://www.hashicorp.com
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[terraform]: https://www.terraform.io
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