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| layout | page_title | sidebar_current | description |
|---|---|---|---|
| intro | Provisioning - Getting Started | gettingstarted-provisioning | We have a virtual machine running a basic copy of Ubuntu and we can edit files from our machine and have them synced into the virtual machine. Let us now serve those files using a webserver. |
Provisioning
Alright, so we have a virtual machine running a basic copy of Ubuntu and we can edit files from our machine and have them synced into the virtual machine. Let us now serve those files using a webserver.
We could just SSH in and install a webserver and be on our way, but then
every person who used Vagrant would have to do the same thing. Instead,
Vagrant has built-in support for automated provisioning. Using this
feature, Vagrant will automatically install software when you vagrant up
so that the guest machine can be repeatably created and ready-to-use.
Installing Apache
We will just setup Apache for our basic project,
and we will do so using a shell script. Create the following shell script
and save it as bootstrap.sh in the same directory as your Vagrantfile:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
apt-get update
apt-get install -y apache2
if ! [ -L /var/www ]; then
rm -rf /var/www
ln -fs /vagrant /var/www
fi
Next, we configure Vagrant to run this shell script when setting up our machine. We do this by editing the Vagrantfile, which should now look like this:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "hashicorp/bionic64"
config.vm.provision :shell, path: "bootstrap.sh"
end
The "provision" line is new, and tells Vagrant to use the shell provisioner
to setup the machine, with the bootstrap.sh file. The file path is relative
to the location of the project root (where the Vagrantfile is).
We also need to add some html content which will be served by the Apache webserver.
To do this create a subdirectory named html in the project root directory.
In the html directory create a html file named index.html.
For example:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Getting started with Vagrant!</h1>
</body>
</html>
Provision!
After everything is configured, just run vagrant up to create your
machine and Vagrant will automatically provision it. You should see
the output from the shell script appear in your terminal. If the guest
machine is already running from a previous step, run vagrant reload --provision,
which will quickly restart your virtual machine, skipping the initial
import step. The provision flag on the reload command instructs Vagrant to
run the provisioners, since usually Vagrant will only do this on the first
vagrant up.
After Vagrant completes running, the web server will be up and running. You cannot see the website from your own browser (yet), but you can verify that the provisioning works by loading a file from SSH within the machine:
$ vagrant ssh
...
vagrant@bionic64:~$ wget -qO- 127.0.0.1
This works because in the shell script above we installed Apache and
setup the default DocumentRoot of Apache to point to our /vagrant
directory, which is the default synced folder setup by Vagrant.
You can play around some more by creating some more files and viewing them from the terminal, but in the next step we will cover networking options so that you can use your own browser to access the guest machine.
-> For complex provisioning scripts, it may be more efficient to package a custom Vagrant box with those packages pre-installed instead of building them each time. This topic is not covered by the getting started guide, but can be found in the packaging custom boxes documentation.
Next Steps
You have successfully provisioned your first virtual machine with Vagrant. Read on to learn about networking.