kicad/pcbnew/exporters/export_vrml.cpp

/*
 * This program source code file is part of KiCad, a free EDA CAD application.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Lorenzo Mercantonio
 * Copyright (C) 2014-2017  Cirilo Bernardo
 * Copyright (C) 2018 Jean-Pierre Charras jp.charras at wanadoo.fr
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2021 KiCad Developers, see AUTHORS.txt for contributors.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, you may find one here:
 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
 * or you may search the http://www.gnu.org website for the version 2 license,
 * or you may write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 */

#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <wx/dir.h>
#include <wx/msgdlg.h>

#include "3d_cache/3d_cache.h"
#include "3d_cache/3d_info.h"
#include "board.h"
#include "board_design_settings.h"
#include "fp_shape.h"
#include "footprint.h"
#include "pad.h"
#include "pcb_text.h"
#include "pcb_track.h"
#include "convert_to_biu.h"
#include <core/arraydim.h>
#include <filename_resolver.h>
#include "plugins/3dapi/ifsg_all.h"
#include "streamwrapper.h"
#include "vrml_layer.h"
#include "pcb_edit_frame.h"

#include <convert_basic_shapes_to_polygon.h>
#include <geometry/geometry_utils.h>
#include <macros.h>

#include <exporter_vrml.h>


EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::EXPORTER_PCB_VRML() :
        m_OutputPCB( nullptr )
{
    m_ReuseDef = true;
    m_precision = 6;
    m_WorldScale = 1.0;
    m_Cache3Dmodels = nullptr;
    m_Pcb = nullptr;
    m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile = false;
    m_UseRelPathIn3DModelFilename = false;
    m_BoardToVrmlScale = MM_PER_IU;

    for( int ii = 0; ii < VRML_COLOR_LAST; ++ii )
        m_sgmaterial[ii] = nullptr;

    for( unsigned i = 0; i < arrayDim( m_layer_z );  ++i )
        m_layer_z[i] = 0;

    // this default only makes sense if the output is in mm
    m_brd_thickness = 1.6;

    // pcb green
    vrml_colors_list[VRML_COLOR_PCB] = VRML_COLOR(
            0.12f, 0.20f, 0.19f, 0.01f, 0.03f, 0.01f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.02f );
    // copper color
    vrml_colors_list[VRML_COLOR_COPPER] = VRML_COLOR(
            0.72f, 0.45f, 0.2f, 0.01f, 0.05f, 0.01f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.02f );
    // silkscreen white
    vrml_colors_list[VRML_COLOR_SILK] = VRML_COLOR(
            0.7f, 0.7f, 0.9f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f, 0.0f, 0.02f );
    // solder paste silver (gray)
    vrml_colors_list[VRML_COLOR_PASTE] = VRML_COLOR( 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.0f,
            0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.8f );
    // solder mask green with transparency
    vrml_colors_list[VRML_COLOR_SOLDMASK] = VRML_COLOR(
            0.07f, 0.3f, 0.12f, 0.01f, 0.03f, 0.01f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.25f, 0.02f );

    SetOffset( 0.0, 0.0 );
}


EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::~EXPORTER_PCB_VRML()
{
    // destroy any unassociated material appearances
    for( int j = 0; j < VRML_COLOR_LAST; ++j )
    {
        if( m_sgmaterial[j] && nullptr == S3D::GetSGNodeParent( m_sgmaterial[j] ) )
            S3D::DestroyNode( m_sgmaterial[j] );

        m_sgmaterial[j] = nullptr;
    }

    if( !m_components.empty() )
    {
        IFSG_TRANSFORM tmp( false );

        for( auto i : m_components )
        {
            tmp.Attach( i );
            tmp.SetParent( nullptr );
        }

        m_components.clear();
        m_OutputPCB.Destroy();
    }
}


bool EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::SetScale( double aWorldScale )
{
    // set the scaling of the VRML world
    if( aWorldScale < 0.001 || aWorldScale > 10.0 )
        throw( std::runtime_error( "WorldScale out of range (valid range is 0.001 to 10.0)" ) );

    m_OutputPCB.SetScale( aWorldScale * 2.54 );
    m_WorldScale = aWorldScale * 2.54;

    return true;
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::SetOffset( double aXoff, double aYoff )
{
    m_tx = aXoff;
    m_ty = -aYoff;

    m_holes.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_3D_board.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_top_copper.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_bot_copper.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_top_silk.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_bot_silk.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_top_paste.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_bot_paste.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_top_soldermask.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_bot_soldermask.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
    m_plated_holes.SetVertexOffsets( aXoff, aYoff );
}


bool EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::GetLayer3D( LAYER_NUM layer, VRML_LAYER** vlayer )
{
    // select the VRML layer object to draw on; return true if
    // a layer has been selected.
    switch( layer )
    {
    case B_Cu:    *vlayer = &m_bot_copper; return true;
    case F_Cu:    *vlayer = &m_top_copper; return true;
    case B_SilkS: *vlayer = &m_bot_silk;   return true;
    case F_SilkS: *vlayer = &m_top_silk;   return true;
    case B_Mask:  *vlayer = &m_bot_soldermask;  return true;
    case F_Mask:  *vlayer = &m_top_soldermask;  return true;
    case B_Paste: *vlayer = &m_bot_paste;  return true;
    case F_Paste: *vlayer = &m_top_paste;  return true;
    default:      return false;
    }
}

void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportVrmlSolderMask()
{
    SHAPE_POLY_SET holes, outlines = m_pcbOutlines;

    // holes is the solder mask opening.
    // the actual shape is the negative shape of mask opening.
    PCB_LAYER_ID pcb_layer = F_Mask;
    VRML_LAYER* vrmllayer = &m_top_soldermask;

    for( int lcnt = 0; lcnt < 2; lcnt++ )
    {
        holes.RemoveAllContours();
        outlines.RemoveAllContours();
        outlines = m_pcbOutlines;
        m_Pcb->ConvertBrdLayerToPolygonalContours( pcb_layer, holes );

        outlines.BooleanSubtract( holes, SHAPE_POLY_SET::PM_STRICTLY_SIMPLE );
        outlines.Fracture( SHAPE_POLY_SET::PM_STRICTLY_SIMPLE );
        ExportVrmlPolygonSet( vrmllayer, outlines );

        pcb_layer = B_Mask;
        vrmllayer = &m_bot_soldermask;
    }
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportStandardLayers()
{
    SHAPE_POLY_SET outlines;

    PCB_LAYER_ID pcb_layer[] =
    {
        F_Cu, B_Cu, F_SilkS, B_SilkS, F_Paste, B_Paste
    };

    VRML_LAYER* vrmllayer[] =
    {
        &m_top_copper, &m_bot_copper, &m_top_silk, &m_bot_silk, &m_top_paste, &m_bot_paste,
        nullptr     // Sentinel
    };

    for( int lcnt = 0; ; lcnt++ )
    {
        if( vrmllayer[lcnt] == nullptr )
            break;

        outlines.RemoveAllContours();
        m_Pcb->ConvertBrdLayerToPolygonalContours( pcb_layer[lcnt], outlines );
        outlines.Fracture( SHAPE_POLY_SET::PM_STRICTLY_SIMPLE );

        ExportVrmlPolygonSet( vrmllayer[lcnt], outlines );
    }
}


static EXPORTER_PCB_VRML* model_vrml;


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::write_triangle_bag( std::ostream& aOut_file, const VRML_COLOR& aColor,
                                            VRML_LAYER* aLayer, bool aPlane, bool aTop,
                                            double aTop_z, double aBottom_z )
{
    // A lot of nodes are not required, but blender sometimes chokes without them.
    static const char* shape_boiler[] =
    {
        "Transform {\n",
        "  children [\n",
        "    Group {\n",
        "      children [\n",
        "        Shape {\n",
        "          appearance Appearance {\n",
        "            material Material {\n",
        0,                                      // Material marker
        "            }\n",
        "          }\n",
        "          geometry IndexedFaceSet {\n",
        "            solid TRUE\n",
        "            coord Coordinate {\n",
        "              point [\n",
        0,                                      // Coordinates marker
        "              ]\n",
        "            }\n",
        "            coordIndex [\n",
        0,                                      // Index marker
        "            ]\n",
        "          }\n",
        "        }\n",
        "      ]\n",
        "    }\n",
        "  ]\n",
        "}\n",
        0    // End marker
    };

    int marker_found = 0, lineno = 0;

    while( marker_found < 4 )
    {
        if( shape_boiler[lineno] )
        {
            aOut_file << shape_boiler[lineno];
        }
        else
        {
            marker_found++;

            switch( marker_found )
            {
            case 1:    // Material marker
            {
                std::streamsize lastPrecision = aOut_file.precision();
                aOut_file << "              diffuseColor " << std::setprecision(3);
                aOut_file << aColor.diffuse_red << " ";
                aOut_file << aColor.diffuse_grn << " ";
                aOut_file << aColor.diffuse_blu << "\n";

                aOut_file << "              specularColor ";
                aOut_file << aColor.spec_red << " ";
                aOut_file << aColor.spec_grn << " ";
                aOut_file << aColor.spec_blu << "\n";

                aOut_file << "              emissiveColor ";
                aOut_file << aColor.emit_red << " ";
                aOut_file << aColor.emit_grn << " ";
                aOut_file << aColor.emit_blu << "\n";

                aOut_file << "              ambientIntensity " << aColor.ambient << "\n";
                aOut_file << "              transparency " << aColor.transp << "\n";
                aOut_file << "              shininess " << aColor.shiny << "\n";
                aOut_file.precision( lastPrecision );
            }
                break;

            case 2:

                if( aPlane )
                    aLayer->WriteVertices( aTop_z, aOut_file, m_precision );
                else
                    aLayer->Write3DVertices( aTop_z, aBottom_z, aOut_file, m_precision );

                aOut_file << "\n";
                break;

            case 3:

                if( aPlane )
                    aLayer->WriteIndices( aTop, aOut_file );
                else
                    aLayer->Write3DIndices( aOut_file );

                aOut_file << "\n";
                break;

            default:
                break;
            }
        }

        lineno++;
    }
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::writeLayers( const char* aFileName, OSTREAM* aOutputFile )
{
    // VRML_LAYER board;
    m_3D_board.Tesselate( &m_holes );
    double brdz = m_brd_thickness / 2.0
                  - ( Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) ) * m_BoardToVrmlScale;

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_PCB ),
                            &m_3D_board, false, false, brdz, -brdz );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_shell( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_PCB, &m_3D_board, brdz, -brdz );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_top_copper;
    m_top_copper.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_COPPER ),
                            &m_top_copper, true, true, GetLayerZ( F_Cu ), 0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_COPPER, &m_top_copper,
                           GetLayerZ( F_Cu ), true );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_top_paste;
    m_top_paste.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_PASTE ),
                            &m_top_paste, true, true,
                            GetLayerZ( F_Cu ) + Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                            m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                            0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_PASTE, &m_top_paste,
                           GetLayerZ( F_Cu ) + Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                           m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                           true );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_top_soldermask;
    m_top_soldermask.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_SOLDMASK ),
                            &m_top_soldermask, true, true,
                            GetLayerZ( F_Cu ) + Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                            m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                            0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_SOLDMASK, &m_top_soldermask,
                           GetLayerZ( F_Cu ) + Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                           m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                           true );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_bot_copper;
    m_bot_copper.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_COPPER ),
                            &m_bot_copper, true, false, GetLayerZ( B_Cu ), 0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_COPPER, &m_bot_copper,
                           GetLayerZ( B_Cu ), false );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_bot_paste;
    m_bot_paste.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_PASTE ),
                            &m_bot_paste, true, false,
                            GetLayerZ( B_Cu )
                            - Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) * m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                            0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_PASTE, &m_bot_paste,
                           GetLayerZ( B_Cu ) - Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                           m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                           false );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_bot_mask:
    m_bot_soldermask.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_SOLDMASK ),
                            &m_bot_soldermask, true, false,
                            GetLayerZ( B_Cu ) - Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                            m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                            0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_SOLDMASK, &m_bot_soldermask,
                           GetLayerZ( B_Cu ) - Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                           m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                           false );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER PTH;
    m_plated_holes.Tesselate( nullptr, true );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_PASTE ),
                            &m_plated_holes, false, false,
                            GetLayerZ( F_Cu ) + Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                            m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                            GetLayerZ( B_Cu ) - Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                            m_BoardToVrmlScale );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_shell( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_PASTE, &m_plated_holes,
                           GetLayerZ( F_Cu ) + Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                           m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                           GetLayerZ( B_Cu ) - Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET / 2.0 ) *
                           m_BoardToVrmlScale );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_top_silk;
    m_top_silk.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_SILK ), &m_top_silk,
                            true, true, GetLayerZ( F_SilkS ), 0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_SILK, &m_top_silk,
                           GetLayerZ( F_SilkS ), true );
    }

    // VRML_LAYER m_bot_silk;
    m_bot_silk.Tesselate( &m_holes );

    if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        write_triangle_bag( *aOutputFile, GetColor( VRML_COLOR_SILK ), &m_bot_silk,
                            true, false, GetLayerZ( B_SilkS ), 0 );
    }
    else
    {
        create_vrml_plane( m_OutputPCB, VRML_COLOR_SILK, &m_bot_silk,
                           GetLayerZ( B_SilkS ), false );
    }

    if( !m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
        S3D::WriteVRML( aFileName, true, m_OutputPCB.GetRawPtr(), true, true );
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ComputeLayer3D_Zpos()
{
    int copper_layers = m_Pcb->GetCopperLayerCount();

    // We call it 'layer' thickness, but it's the whole board thickness!
    m_brd_thickness = m_Pcb->GetDesignSettings().GetBoardThickness() * m_BoardToVrmlScale;
    double half_thickness = m_brd_thickness / 2;

    // Compute each layer's Z value, more or less like the 3d view
    for( LSEQ seq = LSET::AllCuMask().Seq();  seq;  ++seq )
    {
        PCB_LAYER_ID i = *seq;

        if( i < copper_layers )
            SetLayerZ( i,  half_thickness - m_brd_thickness * i / (copper_layers - 1) );
        else
            SetLayerZ( i, - half_thickness );  // bottom layer
    }

    // To avoid rounding interference, we apply an epsilon to each successive layer
    double epsilon_z = Millimeter2iu( ART_OFFSET ) * m_BoardToVrmlScale;
    SetLayerZ( B_Paste, -half_thickness - epsilon_z );
    SetLayerZ( B_Adhes, -half_thickness - epsilon_z );
    SetLayerZ( B_SilkS, -half_thickness - epsilon_z * 3 );
    SetLayerZ( B_Mask, -half_thickness - epsilon_z * 2 );
    SetLayerZ( F_Mask, half_thickness + epsilon_z * 2 );
    SetLayerZ( F_SilkS, half_thickness + epsilon_z * 3 );
    SetLayerZ( F_Adhes, half_thickness + epsilon_z );
    SetLayerZ( F_Paste, half_thickness + epsilon_z );
    SetLayerZ( Dwgs_User, half_thickness + epsilon_z * 5 );
    SetLayerZ( Cmts_User, half_thickness + epsilon_z * 6 );
    SetLayerZ( Eco1_User, half_thickness + epsilon_z * 7 );
    SetLayerZ( Eco2_User, half_thickness + epsilon_z * 8 );
    SetLayerZ( Edge_Cuts, 0 );
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportVrmlPolygonSet( VRML_LAYER* aVlayer, const SHAPE_POLY_SET& aOutlines )
{
    // Polygons in SHAPE_POLY_SET must be without hole, i.e. holes must be linked
    // previously to their main outline.
    for( int icnt = 0; icnt < aOutlines.OutlineCount(); icnt++ )
    {
        const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN& outline = aOutlines.COutline( icnt );

        int seg = aVlayer->NewContour();

        for( int jj = 0; jj < outline.PointCount(); jj++ )
        {
            if( !aVlayer->AddVertex( seg, outline.CPoint( jj ).x * m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                                     -outline.CPoint( jj ).y * m_BoardToVrmlScale ) )
                throw( std::runtime_error( aVlayer->GetError() ) );
        }

        aVlayer->EnsureWinding( seg, false );
    }
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportVrmlBoard()
{
    if( !m_Pcb->GetBoardPolygonOutlines( m_pcbOutlines ) )
    {
        wxLogWarning( _( "Board outline is malformed. Run DRC for a full analysis." ) );
    }

    int seg;

    for( int cnt = 0; cnt < m_pcbOutlines.OutlineCount(); cnt++ )
    {
        const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN& outline = m_pcbOutlines.COutline( cnt );

        seg = m_3D_board.NewContour();

        for( int j = 0; j < outline.PointCount(); j++ )
        {
            m_3D_board.AddVertex( seg, (double)outline.CPoint(j).x * m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                                  -((double)outline.CPoint(j).y * m_BoardToVrmlScale ) );

        }

        m_3D_board.EnsureWinding( seg, false );

        // Generate board holes from outlines:
        for( int ii = 0; ii < m_pcbOutlines.HoleCount( cnt ); ii++ )
        {
            const SHAPE_LINE_CHAIN& hole = m_pcbOutlines.Hole( cnt, ii );

            seg = m_holes.NewContour();

            if( seg < 0 )
            {
                wxLogError( _( "VRML Export Failed: Could not add holes to contours." ) );
                return;
            }

            for( int j = 0; j < hole.PointCount(); j++ )
            {
                m_holes.AddVertex( seg, (double) hole.CPoint(j).x * m_BoardToVrmlScale,
                                   -( (double) hole.CPoint(j).y * m_BoardToVrmlScale ) );
            }

            m_holes.EnsureWinding( seg, true );
        }
    }
}


static const double err_approx_max = 0.005;


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportVrmlViaHoles()
{
    PCB_LAYER_ID top_layer, bottom_layer;

    for( PCB_TRACK* track : m_Pcb->Tracks() )
    {
        if( track->Type() != PCB_VIA_T )
            continue;

        const PCB_VIA* via = static_cast<const PCB_VIA*>( track );

        via->LayerPair( &top_layer, &bottom_layer );

        // do not render a buried via
        if( top_layer != F_Cu && bottom_layer != B_Cu )
            continue;

        // Export all via holes to m_holes
        double hole_radius = via->GetDrillValue() * m_BoardToVrmlScale / 2.0;

        if( hole_radius <= 0 )
            continue;

        double x    = via->GetStart().x * m_BoardToVrmlScale;
        double y    = via->GetStart().y * m_BoardToVrmlScale;

        // Set the optimal number of segments to approximate a circle.
        // SetArcParams needs a count max, and the minimal and maximal length
        // of segments
        int nsides = GetArcToSegmentCount( via->GetDrillValue(),
                                           Millimeter2iu( err_approx_max ), 360.0 );
        double minSegLength = M_PI * 2.0 * hole_radius / nsides;
        double maxSegLength = minSegLength*2.0;

        m_holes.SetArcParams( nsides*2, minSegLength, maxSegLength );
        m_plated_holes.SetArcParams( nsides, minSegLength, maxSegLength );

        m_holes.AddCircle( x, -y, hole_radius, true, true );
        m_plated_holes.AddCircle( x, -y, hole_radius, true, false );

        m_holes.ResetArcParams();
        m_plated_holes.ResetArcParams();
    }
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportVrmlPadHole( PAD* aPad )
{
    double  hole_drill_w    = (double) aPad->GetDrillSize().x * m_BoardToVrmlScale / 2.0;
    double  hole_drill_h    = (double) aPad->GetDrillSize().y * m_BoardToVrmlScale / 2.0;
    double  hole_drill      = std::min( hole_drill_w, hole_drill_h );
    double  hole_x          = aPad->GetPosition().x * m_BoardToVrmlScale;
    double  hole_y          = aPad->GetPosition().y * m_BoardToVrmlScale;

    // Export the hole on the edge layer
    if( hole_drill > 0 )
    {
        int nsides = GetArcToSegmentCount( hole_drill,
                                           Millimeter2iu( err_approx_max ), 360.0 );
        double minSegLength = M_PI * hole_drill / nsides;
        double maxSegLength = minSegLength*2.0;

        m_holes.SetArcParams( nsides*2, minSegLength, maxSegLength );
        m_plated_holes.SetArcParams( nsides, minSegLength, maxSegLength );

        bool pth = false;

        if( ( aPad->GetAttribute() != PAD_ATTRIB::NPTH ) )
            pth = true;

        if( aPad->GetDrillShape() == PAD_DRILL_SHAPE_OBLONG )
        {
            // Oblong hole (slot)

            if( pth )
            {
                m_holes.AddSlot( hole_x, -hole_y, hole_drill_w * 2.0 + PLATE_OFFSET,
                    hole_drill_h * 2.0 + PLATE_OFFSET,
                    aPad->GetOrientation()/10.0, true, true );

                m_plated_holes.AddSlot( hole_x, -hole_y,
                    hole_drill_w * 2.0, hole_drill_h * 2.0,
                    aPad->GetOrientation()/10.0, true, false );
            }
            else
            {
                m_holes.AddSlot( hole_x, -hole_y, hole_drill_w * 2.0, hole_drill_h * 2.0,
                    aPad->GetOrientation()/10.0, true, false );

            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Drill a round hole
            if( pth )
            {
                m_holes.AddCircle( hole_x, -hole_y, hole_drill + PLATE_OFFSET, true, true );
                m_plated_holes.AddCircle( hole_x, -hole_y, hole_drill, true, false );
            }
            else
            {
                m_holes.AddCircle( hole_x, -hole_y, hole_drill, true, false );
            }

        }

        m_holes.ResetArcParams();
        m_plated_holes.ResetArcParams();
    }
}


// From axis/rot to quaternion
static void build_quat( double x, double y, double z, double a, double q[4] )
{
    double sina = sin( a / 2 );

    q[0] = x * sina;
    q[1] = y * sina;
    q[2] = z * sina;
    q[3] = cos( a / 2 );
}


// From quaternion to axis/rot
static void from_quat( double q[4], double rot[4] )
{
    rot[3] = acos( q[3] ) * 2;

    for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
        rot[i] = q[i] / sin( rot[3] / 2 );
}


// Quaternion composition
static void compose_quat( double q1[4], double q2[4], double qr[4] )
{
    double tmp[4];

    tmp[0] = q2[3] * q1[0] + q2[0] * q1[3] + q2[1] * q1[2] - q2[2] * q1[1];
    tmp[1] = q2[3] * q1[1] + q2[1] * q1[3] + q2[2] * q1[0] - q2[0] * q1[2];
    tmp[2] = q2[3] * q1[2] + q2[2] * q1[3] + q2[0] * q1[1] - q2[1] * q1[0];
    tmp[3] = q2[3] * q1[3] - q2[0] * q1[0] - q2[1] * q1[1] - q2[2] * q1[2];

    qr[0] = tmp[0];
    qr[1] = tmp[1];
    qr[2] = tmp[2];
    qr[3] = tmp[3];
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportVrmlFootprint( FOOTPRINT* aFootprint, std::ostream* aOutputFile )
{
    wxCHECK( aFootprint && aOutputFile, /* void */ );

    auto old_precision = aOutputFile->precision();

    // Export pad holes
    for( PAD* pad : aFootprint->Pads() )
        ExportVrmlPadHole( pad );

    bool isFlipped = aFootprint->GetLayer() == B_Cu;

    // Export the object VRML model(s)
    auto sM = aFootprint->Models().begin();
    auto eM = aFootprint->Models().end();

    wxFileName subdir( m_Subdir3DFpModels, "" );

    while( sM != eM )
    {
        SGNODE* mod3d = (SGNODE*) m_Cache3Dmodels->Load( sM->m_Filename );

        if( nullptr == mod3d )
        {
            ++sM;
            continue;
        }

        /* Calculate 3D shape rotation:
         * this is the rotation parameters, with an additional 180 deg rotation
         * for footprints that are flipped
         * When flipped, axis rotation is the horizontal axis (X axis)
         */
        double rotx = -sM->m_Rotation.x;
        double roty = -sM->m_Rotation.y;
        double rotz = -sM->m_Rotation.z;

        if( isFlipped )
        {
            rotx += 180.0;
            roty = -roty;
            rotz = -rotz;
        }

        // Do some quaternion munching
        double q1[4], q2[4], rot[4];
        build_quat( 1, 0, 0, DEG2RAD( rotx ), q1 );
        build_quat( 0, 1, 0, DEG2RAD( roty ), q2 );
        compose_quat( q1, q2, q1 );
        build_quat( 0, 0, 1, DEG2RAD( rotz ), q2 );
        compose_quat( q1, q2, q1 );

        // Note here aFootprint->GetOrientation() is in 0.1 degrees, so footprint rotation
        // has to be converted to radians
        build_quat( 0, 0, 1, DECIDEG2RAD( aFootprint->GetOrientation() ), q2 );
        compose_quat( q1, q2, q1 );
        from_quat( q1, rot );

        double offsetFactor = 1000.0f * IU_PER_MILS / 25.4f;

        // adjust 3D shape local offset position
        // they are given in mm, so they are converted in board IU.
        double offsetx = sM->m_Offset.x * offsetFactor;
        double offsety = sM->m_Offset.y * offsetFactor;
        double offsetz = sM->m_Offset.z * offsetFactor;

        if( isFlipped )
            offsetz = -offsetz;
        else
            offsety = -offsety;  // In normal mode, Y axis is reversed in Pcbnew.

        RotatePoint( &offsetx, &offsety, aFootprint->GetOrientation() );

        SGPOINT trans;
        trans.x = ( offsetx + aFootprint->GetPosition().x ) * m_BoardToVrmlScale + m_tx;
        trans.y = -( offsety + aFootprint->GetPosition().y) * m_BoardToVrmlScale - m_ty;
        trans.z = (offsetz * m_BoardToVrmlScale ) + GetLayerZ( aFootprint->GetLayer() );

        if( m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
        {
            wxFileName srcFile = m_Cache3Dmodels->GetResolver()->ResolvePath( sM->m_Filename );
            wxFileName dstFile;
            dstFile.SetPath( m_Subdir3DFpModels );
            dstFile.SetName( srcFile.GetName() );
            dstFile.SetExt( "wrl"  );

            // copy the file if necessary
            wxDateTime srcModTime = srcFile.GetModificationTime();
            wxDateTime destModTime = srcModTime;

            destModTime.SetToCurrent();

            if( dstFile.FileExists() )
                destModTime = dstFile.GetModificationTime();

            if( srcModTime != destModTime )
            {
                wxString fileExt = srcFile.GetExt();
                fileExt.LowerCase();

                // copy VRML models and use the scenegraph library to
                // translate other model types
                if( fileExt == "wrl" )
                {
                    if( !wxCopyFile( srcFile.GetFullPath(), dstFile.GetFullPath() ) )
                        continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    if( !S3D::WriteVRML( dstFile.GetFullPath().ToUTF8(), true, mod3d, m_ReuseDef,
                                         true ) )
                        continue;
                }
            }

            (*aOutputFile) << "Transform {\n";

            // only write a rotation if it is >= 0.1 deg
            if( std::abs( rot[3] ) > 0.0001745 )
            {
                (*aOutputFile) << "  rotation " << aOutputFile->precision( 5 );
                (*aOutputFile) << rot[0] << " " << rot[1] << " " << rot[2] << " " << rot[3] << "\n";
            }

            (*aOutputFile) << "  translation " << aOutputFile->precision( m_precision );
            (*aOutputFile) << trans.x << " ";
            (*aOutputFile) << trans.y << " ";
            (*aOutputFile) << trans.z << "\n";

            (*aOutputFile) << "  scale ";
            (*aOutputFile) << sM->m_Scale.x << " ";
            (*aOutputFile) << sM->m_Scale.y << " ";
            (*aOutputFile) << sM->m_Scale.z << "\n";

            (*aOutputFile) << "  children [\n    Inline {\n      url \"";

            if( m_UseRelPathIn3DModelFilename )
            {
                wxFileName tmp = dstFile;
                tmp.SetExt( "" );
                tmp.SetName( "" );
                tmp.RemoveLastDir();
                dstFile.MakeRelativeTo( tmp.GetPath() );
            }

            wxString fn = dstFile.GetFullPath();
            fn.Replace( "\\", "/" );
            (*aOutputFile) << TO_UTF8( fn ) << "\"\n    } ]\n";
            (*aOutputFile) << "  }\n";
        }
        else
        {
            IFSG_TRANSFORM* modelShape = new IFSG_TRANSFORM( m_OutputPCB.GetRawPtr() );

            // only write a rotation if it is >= 0.1 deg
            if( std::abs( rot[3] ) > 0.0001745 )
                modelShape->SetRotation( SGVECTOR( rot[0], rot[1], rot[2] ), rot[3] );

            modelShape->SetTranslation( trans );
            modelShape->SetScale( SGPOINT( sM->m_Scale.x, sM->m_Scale.y, sM->m_Scale.z ) );

            if( nullptr == S3D::GetSGNodeParent( mod3d ) )
            {
                m_components.push_back( mod3d );
                modelShape->AddChildNode( mod3d );
            }
            else
            {
                modelShape->AddRefNode( mod3d );
            }

        }

        ++sM;
    }

    aOutputFile->precision( old_precision );
}


bool PCB_EDIT_FRAME::ExportVRML_File( const wxString& aFullFileName, double aMMtoWRMLunit,
                                      bool aExport3DFiles, bool aUseRelativePaths,
                                      const wxString& a3D_Subdir,
                                      double aXRef, double aYRef )
{
    BOARD*          pcb = GetBoard();
    bool            success  = true;

    EXPORTER_PCB_VRML model3d;
    model_vrml = &model3d;
    model3d.m_Pcb = GetBoard();
    model3d.SetScale( aMMtoWRMLunit );
    model3d.m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile = aExport3DFiles;
    model3d.m_Subdir3DFpModels = a3D_Subdir;
    model3d.m_UseRelPathIn3DModelFilename = aUseRelativePaths;
    model3d.m_Cache3Dmodels = Prj().Get3DCacheManager();

    if( model3d.m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
    {
        model3d.m_BoardToVrmlScale = MM_PER_IU / 2.54;
        model3d.SetOffset( -aXRef / 2.54, aYRef / 2.54 );
    }
    else
    {
        model3d.m_BoardToVrmlScale = MM_PER_IU;
        model3d.SetOffset( -aXRef, aYRef );
    }

    try
    {
        // Preliminary computation: the z value for each layer
        model3d.ComputeLayer3D_Zpos();

        // board edges and cutouts
        model3d.ExportVrmlBoard();

        // Draw solder mask layer (negative layer)
        model3d.ExportVrmlSolderMask();
#if 1
        model3d.ExportVrmlViaHoles();
        model3d.ExportStandardLayers();
#else
        // Drawing and text on the board
        model3d.ExportVrmlDrawings();

        // Export vias and trackage
        model3d.ExportVrmlTracks();

        // Export zone fills
        model3d.ExportVrmlZones();
#endif
        if( model3d.m_UseInlineModelsInBrdfile )
        {
            // Copy fp 3D models in a folder, and link these files in
            // the board .vrml file
            model3d.ExportFp3DModelsAsLinkedFile( aFullFileName );
        }
        else
        {
            // merge footprints in the .vrml board file
            for( FOOTPRINT* footprint : pcb->Footprints() )
                model3d.ExportVrmlFootprint( footprint, nullptr );

            // write out the board and all layers
            model3d.writeLayers( TO_UTF8( aFullFileName ), nullptr );
        }
    }
    catch( const std::exception& e )
    {
        wxString msg;
        msg << _( "IDF Export Failed:\n" ) << FROM_UTF8( e.what() );
        wxMessageBox( msg );

        success = false;
    }

    return success;
}

void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::ExportFp3DModelsAsLinkedFile( const wxString& aFullFileName )
{
    // check if the 3D Subdir exists - create if not
    wxFileName subdir( m_Subdir3DFpModels, "" );

    if( ! subdir.DirExists() )
    {
        if( !wxDir::Make( subdir.GetFullPath() ) )
            throw( std::runtime_error( "Could not create 3D model subdirectory" ) );
    }

    OPEN_OSTREAM( output_file, TO_UTF8( aFullFileName ) );

    if( output_file.fail() )
    {
        std::ostringstream ostr;
        ostr << "Could not open file '" << TO_UTF8( aFullFileName ) << "'";
        throw( std::runtime_error( ostr.str().c_str() ) );
    }

    output_file.imbue( std::locale::classic() );

    // Begin with the usual VRML boilerplate
    wxString fn = aFullFileName;
    fn.Replace( "\\" , "/" );
    output_file << "#VRML V2.0 utf8\n";
    output_file << "WorldInfo {\n";
    output_file << "  title \"" << TO_UTF8( fn ) << " - Generated by Pcbnew\"\n";
    output_file << "}\n";
    output_file << "Transform {\n";
    output_file << "  scale " << std::setprecision( m_precision );
    output_file << m_WorldScale << " ";
    output_file << m_WorldScale << " ";
    output_file << m_WorldScale << "\n";
    output_file << "  children [\n";

    // Export footprints
    for( FOOTPRINT* footprint : m_Pcb->Footprints() )
        ExportVrmlFootprint( footprint, &output_file );

    // write out the board and all layers
    writeLayers( TO_UTF8( aFullFileName ), &output_file );

    // Close the outer 'transform' node
    output_file << "]\n}\n";

    CLOSE_STREAM( output_file );
}

SGNODE* EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::getSGColor( VRML_COLOR_INDEX colorIdx )
{
    if( colorIdx == -1 )
        colorIdx = VRML_COLOR_PCB;
    else if( colorIdx == VRML_COLOR_LAST )
        return nullptr;

    if( m_sgmaterial[colorIdx] )
        return m_sgmaterial[colorIdx];

    IFSG_APPEARANCE vcolor( (SGNODE*) nullptr );
    VRML_COLOR* cp = &vrml_colors_list[colorIdx];

    vcolor.SetSpecular( cp->spec_red, cp->spec_grn, cp->spec_blu );
    vcolor.SetDiffuse( cp->diffuse_red, cp->diffuse_grn, cp->diffuse_blu );
    vcolor.SetShininess( cp->shiny );
    // NOTE: XXX - replace with a better equation; using this definition
    // of ambient will not yield the best results
    vcolor.SetAmbient( cp->ambient, cp->ambient, cp->ambient );
    vcolor.SetTransparency( cp->transp );

    m_sgmaterial[colorIdx] = vcolor.GetRawPtr();

    return m_sgmaterial[colorIdx];
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::create_vrml_plane( IFSG_TRANSFORM& PcbOutput, VRML_COLOR_INDEX colorID,
                                           VRML_LAYER* layer, double top_z, bool aTopPlane )
{
    std::vector< double > vertices;
    std::vector< int > idxPlane;

    if( !( *layer ).Get2DTriangles( vertices, idxPlane, top_z, aTopPlane ) )
    {
        return;
    }

    if( ( idxPlane.size() % 3 ) )
    {
        throw( std::runtime_error( "[BUG] index lists are not a multiple of 3 (not a triangle "
                                   "list)" ) );
    }

    std::vector< SGPOINT > vlist;
    size_t nvert = vertices.size() / 3;
    size_t j = 0;

    for( size_t i = 0; i < nvert; ++i, j+= 3 )
        vlist.emplace_back( vertices[j], vertices[j+1], vertices[j+2] );

    // create the intermediate scenegraph
    IFSG_TRANSFORM tx0( PcbOutput.GetRawPtr() );    // tx0 = Transform for this outline
    IFSG_SHAPE shape( tx0 );    // shape will hold (a) all vertices and (b) a local list of normals
    IFSG_FACESET face( shape );         // this face shall represent the top and bottom planes
    IFSG_COORDS cp( face );             // coordinates for all faces
    cp.SetCoordsList( nvert, &vlist[0] );
    IFSG_COORDINDEX coordIdx( face );   // coordinate indices for top and bottom planes only
    coordIdx.SetIndices( idxPlane.size(), &idxPlane[0] );
    IFSG_NORMALS norms( face );         // normals for the top and bottom planes

    // set the normals
    if( aTopPlane )
    {
        for( size_t i = 0; i < nvert; ++i )
            norms.AddNormal( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
    }
    else
    {
        for( size_t i = 0; i < nvert; ++i )
            norms.AddNormal( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
    }

    // assign a color from the palette
    SGNODE* modelColor = getSGColor( colorID );

    if( nullptr != modelColor )
    {
        if( nullptr == S3D::GetSGNodeParent( modelColor ) )
            shape.AddChildNode( modelColor );
        else
            shape.AddRefNode( modelColor );
    }
}


void EXPORTER_PCB_VRML::create_vrml_shell( IFSG_TRANSFORM& PcbOutput, VRML_COLOR_INDEX colorID,
                                           VRML_LAYER* layer, double top_z, double bottom_z )
{
    std::vector< double > vertices;
    std::vector< int > idxPlane;
    std::vector< int > idxSide;

    if( top_z < bottom_z )
    {
        double tmp = top_z;
        top_z = bottom_z;
        bottom_z = tmp;
    }

    if( !( *layer ).Get3DTriangles( vertices, idxPlane, idxSide, top_z, bottom_z )
            || idxPlane.empty() || idxSide.empty() )
    {
        return;
    }

    if( ( idxPlane.size() % 3 ) || ( idxSide.size() % 3 ) )
    {
        throw( std::runtime_error( "[BUG] index lists are not a multiple of 3 (not a "
                                   "triangle list)" ) );
    }

    std::vector< SGPOINT > vlist;
    size_t nvert = vertices.size() / 3;
    size_t j = 0;

    for( size_t i = 0; i < nvert; ++i, j+= 3 )
        vlist.emplace_back( vertices[j], vertices[j+1], vertices[j+2] );

    // create the intermediate scenegraph
    IFSG_TRANSFORM tx0( PcbOutput.GetRawPtr() );    // tx0 = Transform for this outline
    IFSG_SHAPE shape( tx0 );    // shape will hold (a) all vertices and (b) a local list of normals
    IFSG_FACESET face( shape );         // this face shall represent the top and bottom planes
    IFSG_COORDS cp( face );             // coordinates for all faces
    cp.SetCoordsList( nvert, &vlist[0] );
    IFSG_COORDINDEX coordIdx( face );   // coordinate indices for top and bottom planes only
    coordIdx.SetIndices( idxPlane.size(), &idxPlane[0] );
    IFSG_NORMALS norms( face );         // normals for the top and bottom planes

    // number of TOP (and bottom) vertices
    j = nvert / 2;

    // set the TOP normals
    for( size_t i = 0; i < j; ++i )
        norms.AddNormal( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );

    // set the BOTTOM normals
    for( size_t i = 0; i < j; ++i )
        norms.AddNormal( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );

    // assign a color from the palette
    SGNODE* modelColor = getSGColor( colorID );

    if( nullptr != modelColor )
    {
        if( nullptr == S3D::GetSGNodeParent( modelColor ) )
            shape.AddChildNode( modelColor );
        else
            shape.AddRefNode( modelColor );
    }

    // create a second shape describing the vertical walls of the extrusion
    // using per-vertex-per-face-normals
    shape.NewNode( tx0 );
    shape.AddRefNode( modelColor );    // set the color to be the same as the top/bottom
    face.NewNode( shape );
    cp.NewNode( face );               // new vertex list
    norms.NewNode( face );            // new normals list
    coordIdx.NewNode( face );         // new index list

    // populate the new per-face vertex list and its indices and normals
    std::vector< int >::iterator sI = idxSide.begin();
    std::vector< int >::iterator eI = idxSide.end();

    size_t sidx = 0;    // index to the new coord set
    SGPOINT p1, p2, p3;
    SGVECTOR vnorm;

    while( sI != eI )
    {
        p1 = vlist[*sI];
        cp.AddCoord( p1 );
        ++sI;

        p2 = vlist[*sI];
        cp.AddCoord( p2 );
        ++sI;

        p3 = vlist[*sI];
        cp.AddCoord( p3 );
        ++sI;

        vnorm.SetVector( S3D::CalcTriNorm( p1, p2, p3 ) );
        norms.AddNormal( vnorm );
        norms.AddNormal( vnorm );
        norms.AddNormal( vnorm );

        coordIdx.AddIndex( (int)sidx );
        ++sidx;
        coordIdx.AddIndex( (int)sidx );
        ++sidx;
        coordIdx.AddIndex( (int)sidx );
        ++sidx;
    }
}